Saturday, May 25, 2013
"An appeal to President Obama and his government for the release of two abducted Orthodox Christian Archbishops in Syria"
https://petitions.whitehouse.gov/petition/appeal-president-obama-and-his-government-release-two-abducted-orthodox-christian-archbishops-syria/xNskxL1q Please sign this petition!
Wednesday, March 13, 2013
Pope Francis
May Almighty God bless the ministry of the new Pope Francis, the Supreme Pontiff and successor of St. Peter, the Prince of the Apostles. May our Lord bless the pope emeritus, Benedict XVI. In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.
Saturday, February 23, 2013
Updates 2013
Dear readers, I pray that you have been well and that God infuses you with sanctifying grace. I have been very busy over the past year working. Glory to God, I graduated from Fordham University with a B.A. in Theology in May 2012. I need your prayers so that the Holy Spirit comes to my heart and makes me holy.
Let us pray for our Holy Father Pope Benedict XVI, and let us pray that God grants us a worthy successor to him on the Throne of St. Peter, the Prince of the Apostles. Let us pray for all the members of the Church Militant, the Church Suffering, and the world. Let us pray for a swift end to the clerical sexual abuse scandal, and for prompt healing of the victims in soul and body. Let us pray for widespread conversions to the Catholic faith. Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, a sinner.
This blog will hopefully continue to be part of a life that will, God willing, become more balanced and God-pleasing.
Thanks be to God, most of the Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique is available online. This is one of my favorite Catholic works of all time because it is so useful for apologetics and Church history. These are some brief updates that are mostly related to my page called "Stances."
Pope Gregory VI and Simony
Today I started to transcribe the article by Denise Feytmans, "Grégoire VI était-il simoniaque?," Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire , 11 (1932 ), 130-137. After I transcribe the article, I will do a rough translation of it. Feytmans concludes (page 137), "It therefore seems prudent to admit the simony of Gregory VI without trying to find justifications or excuses." I have not yet read this article, so I don't know if it will change my mind. In any event, may the Lord lead us to the truth in this controversial matter of history. In the meantime, I believe that Gregory VI was true pope, which would not be the case if he obtained the papacy simoniacally. Click the link for citations of reliable sources that justify the following understanding of events: The wicked Pope Benedict IX (1032-1045) had become pope at age 20 and after ruling the Church for some years he wanted to marry. Benedict IX's holy godfather John Gratian wanted to rid the Church of such an unworthy pontiff, so he gave a very large sum of money to the party of Tusculum to compensate them for their interests, but "not profit Benedict IX personally" [Klaus-Jürgen Herrmann, "BENEDICT IX." The Papacy: An Encyclopedia, First Edition. Ed. Philippe Levillian, John W. O'Malley. Routledge,2002. Religion Online. Taylor & Francis. http://www.routledgereligiononline.com:80/Book.aspx?id=w064_w064b105]. After a canonical election was observed, John Gratian reluctantly accepted the papacy and became Gregory VI (i.e., he did not plan on becoming pope, but only on making sure Benedict would step down). Later, he abdicated under pressure but voluntarily (he was not deposed) at the Council of Sutri [Dr. Warren H. Carroll, The Building of Christendom, 324-1100: A History of Christendom, vol. 2 (Royal, VA: Christendom College Press, 1987), 462-464, 469; buy this book today!]. He abdicated to avoid the scandal of an outward appearance of simony, because people then and today wrongly thought that he "bought the papacy" from his godson Benedict IX.
False Dimitry I
Pope Julius III and the Innocenzo Ciocchi Del Monte Scandal
Metropolitan Zosimus of Moscow and Judaizing
I mistakenly reported in "Old Rome, Not New Rome" (Friday 7/16/2010) that "radical 'hatred of Rome' led Russians to install 'a Jew named Zosimas' as Metropolitan of Moscow (1490-1494) [Andrew Shipman]." I apologize for the error, and did not mean to libel Metropolitan Zosimus of Moscow. The learned Shipman was mistaken because, according to Fr. Mauricio Gordillo, S.J. in Dictionnaire de théologie catholique, ed. A. Vacant et al. (1938), vol. 14, part 1, there are several good reasons (given by Nikolaĭ Petrovich Popov) to believe that Zosimus of Moscow was not a Judaizer, notwithstanding the allegations of caesaropapist and extremist Joseph of Volokolamsk.
Pope Martin IV & Michael Palaeologus
Dr. Warren H. Carroll's Excellent A History of Christendom Series: Buy It Today!
How Catholic Saints are Different from other "Saints" - Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique
Photius of Constantinople
Queen Ketevan of Georgia
Pope Benedict V vs. Antipope Leo VIII A History of Catholicism in Romania
Symeon the New Theologian and Gregory of Sinai on Filioque
TheDailyBeast's Gallery on 15 Papal Scandals
Pope Urban VI, the True Pope: Dr. Warren Carroll's Evaluation
Catholic Patriarchs and Metropolitans in the Orthodox Sees of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, Kiev and Moscow, Ohrid, and Georgia
Job of Pochayiv
More to come on the "Coronation of Pochaiv Icon of the Mother of God" in 1773, which is celebrated on May 1 in the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Calendar of the Archeparchy of Winnipeg. I will also give information about other Ukrainian icons Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou among women and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen.
Russia Was Catholic Before It Became Orthodox
St. Methodius and Filioque
St. Andrew the Apostle and the See of Constantinople
St. Sava of Serbia
Saints Loyal to Antipopes During Great Western Schism The Council of Pisa
Let us pray for our Holy Father Pope Benedict XVI, and let us pray that God grants us a worthy successor to him on the Throne of St. Peter, the Prince of the Apostles. Let us pray for all the members of the Church Militant, the Church Suffering, and the world. Let us pray for a swift end to the clerical sexual abuse scandal, and for prompt healing of the victims in soul and body. Let us pray for widespread conversions to the Catholic faith. Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, a sinner.
This blog will hopefully continue to be part of a life that will, God willing, become more balanced and God-pleasing.
Thanks be to God, most of the Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique is available online. This is one of my favorite Catholic works of all time because it is so useful for apologetics and Church history. These are some brief updates that are mostly related to my page called "Stances."
Pope Gregory VI and Simony
Today I started to transcribe the article by Denise Feytmans, "Grégoire VI était-il simoniaque?," Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire , 11 (1932 ), 130-137. After I transcribe the article, I will do a rough translation of it. Feytmans concludes (page 137), "It therefore seems prudent to admit the simony of Gregory VI without trying to find justifications or excuses." I have not yet read this article, so I don't know if it will change my mind. In any event, may the Lord lead us to the truth in this controversial matter of history. In the meantime, I believe that Gregory VI was true pope, which would not be the case if he obtained the papacy simoniacally. Click the link for citations of reliable sources that justify the following understanding of events: The wicked Pope Benedict IX (1032-1045) had become pope at age 20 and after ruling the Church for some years he wanted to marry. Benedict IX's holy godfather John Gratian wanted to rid the Church of such an unworthy pontiff, so he gave a very large sum of money to the party of Tusculum to compensate them for their interests, but "not profit Benedict IX personally" [Klaus-Jürgen Herrmann, "BENEDICT IX." The Papacy: An Encyclopedia, First Edition. Ed. Philippe Levillian, John W. O'Malley. Routledge,2002. Religion Online. Taylor & Francis. http://www.routledgereligiononline.com:80/Book.aspx?id=w064_w064b105]. After a canonical election was observed, John Gratian reluctantly accepted the papacy and became Gregory VI (i.e., he did not plan on becoming pope, but only on making sure Benedict would step down). Later, he abdicated under pressure but voluntarily (he was not deposed) at the Council of Sutri [Dr. Warren H. Carroll, The Building of Christendom, 324-1100: A History of Christendom, vol. 2 (Royal, VA: Christendom College Press, 1987), 462-464, 469; buy this book today!]. He abdicated to avoid the scandal of an outward appearance of simony, because people then and today wrongly thought that he "bought the papacy" from his godson Benedict IX.
False Dimitry I
Pope Julius III and the Innocenzo Ciocchi Del Monte Scandal
Metropolitan Zosimus of Moscow and Judaizing
I mistakenly reported in "Old Rome, Not New Rome" (Friday 7/16/2010) that "radical 'hatred of Rome' led Russians to install 'a Jew named Zosimas' as Metropolitan of Moscow (1490-1494) [Andrew Shipman]." I apologize for the error, and did not mean to libel Metropolitan Zosimus of Moscow. The learned Shipman was mistaken because, according to Fr. Mauricio Gordillo, S.J. in Dictionnaire de théologie catholique, ed. A. Vacant et al. (1938), vol. 14, part 1, there are several good reasons (given by Nikolaĭ Petrovich Popov) to believe that Zosimus of Moscow was not a Judaizer, notwithstanding the allegations of caesaropapist and extremist Joseph of Volokolamsk.
Pope Martin IV & Michael Palaeologus
Dr. Warren H. Carroll's Excellent A History of Christendom Series: Buy It Today!
How Catholic Saints are Different from other "Saints" - Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique
Photius of Constantinople
Queen Ketevan of Georgia
Pope Benedict V vs. Antipope Leo VIII A History of Catholicism in Romania
Symeon the New Theologian and Gregory of Sinai on Filioque
TheDailyBeast's Gallery on 15 Papal Scandals
Pope Urban VI, the True Pope: Dr. Warren Carroll's Evaluation
Catholic Patriarchs and Metropolitans in the Orthodox Sees of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, Kiev and Moscow, Ohrid, and Georgia
Job of Pochayiv
More to come on the "Coronation of Pochaiv Icon of the Mother of God" in 1773, which is celebrated on May 1 in the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Calendar of the Archeparchy of Winnipeg. I will also give information about other Ukrainian icons Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou among women and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen.
Russia Was Catholic Before It Became Orthodox
St. Methodius and Filioque
St. Andrew the Apostle and the See of Constantinople
St. Sava of Serbia
Saints Loyal to Antipopes During Great Western Schism The Council of Pisa
Saturday, December 31, 2011
CHARITY
REMINDER: Contribute to charity FOR FREE WHILE STAYING PUT. Do this EVERY DAY.
Please report any broken links. Also go to Freerice.com now to donate 10 grains of rice for every vocabulary word you correctly define! See if you can get to level 57 like me! :-)
A partial mirror of this blog can be found here at Wordpress.
See the Anthology of William Huysman for easy navigation and indexing of posts. Click here for a convenient index of posts.
Check out my new blog, Catholic Patristics. Click here for a convenient index of posts on that blog.
Hopefully the Scriptural and Patristic catenae on this site will help you realize the truth of the following distinctively Catholic positions:
Filioque
The Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father through the Son, that is, from the Father and the Son (the formulas are complementary rather than contradictory) as regards His eternal hypostatic existence, and this is no prejudice to the monarchy of the Father.
Baptism
Trine immersion is not necessary for baptism to be valid; baptism by a single immersion, sprinkling, or pouring is valid, too.
Eucharist
The use of unleavened bread in the Eucharist is perfectly valid; leavened bread is not the only valid option.
Divorce
The bond of a consummated sacramental marriage is absolutely indissoluble and second marriages are impermissible so long as the spouse is still alive.
Contraception
The use of artificial birth control methods is intrinsically mortally sinful.
Papal Infallibility
The seeds of the papal infallibility dogma defined by the Ecumenical Council of Vatican I are present in scripture and in the writings of the Church Fathers and resolutions of Ecumenical Councils held in common by Catholics and Eastern Orthodox.
Immaculate Conception
Mary the ever-virgin Theotókos never contracted original sin and never committed personal sin.
Check out the progress on the Catholic wonderworker project here.
Check out the progress on the Eastern Orthodox wonderworker project here.
Right now I'm re-doing citations in MLA format; this will take a while!
Please report any broken links. Also go to Freerice.com now to donate 10 grains of rice for every vocabulary word you correctly define! See if you can get to level 57 like me! :-)
A partial mirror of this blog can be found here at Wordpress.
See the Anthology of William Huysman for easy navigation and indexing of posts. Click here for a convenient index of posts.
Check out my new blog, Catholic Patristics. Click here for a convenient index of posts on that blog.
Hopefully the Scriptural and Patristic catenae on this site will help you realize the truth of the following distinctively Catholic positions:
Filioque
The Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father through the Son, that is, from the Father and the Son (the formulas are complementary rather than contradictory) as regards His eternal hypostatic existence, and this is no prejudice to the monarchy of the Father.
Baptism
Trine immersion is not necessary for baptism to be valid; baptism by a single immersion, sprinkling, or pouring is valid, too.
Eucharist
The use of unleavened bread in the Eucharist is perfectly valid; leavened bread is not the only valid option.
Divorce
The bond of a consummated sacramental marriage is absolutely indissoluble and second marriages are impermissible so long as the spouse is still alive.
Contraception
The use of artificial birth control methods is intrinsically mortally sinful.
Papal Infallibility
The seeds of the papal infallibility dogma defined by the Ecumenical Council of Vatican I are present in scripture and in the writings of the Church Fathers and resolutions of Ecumenical Councils held in common by Catholics and Eastern Orthodox.
Immaculate Conception
Mary the ever-virgin Theotókos never contracted original sin and never committed personal sin.
Check out the progress on the Catholic wonderworker project here.
Check out the progress on the Eastern Orthodox wonderworker project here.
Right now I'm re-doing citations in MLA format; this will take a while!
Sunday, April 17, 2011
Happy Palm Sunday 2011!
Happy Palm Sunday of the Lord's Passion 2011! May the Lord make this a great Holy Week for all. Thank you, Lord Jesus, King of the Universe, for by Your Precious Blood You have redeemed the world! Dear readers, pray for me, a sinner. I pray that you all experience an abundance of God's grace and a growth of communion with Him on this day and all the days to come, that the merciful God will bring you to the top of the Ladder of Divine Ascent! Amen.
Wednesday, April 13, 2011
The 21 Ecumenical Councils
1 - Nicaea I (325)
-
-Hefele 1.1:335–632
-president was Bishop St. Hosius the Confessor of Cordoba, who was assisted by the papal legates Priests Victor and Vincent of Rome [Henri Leclercq]
-
-
-
-
-318 bishops [Henri Leclercq]
-"Cecilian of Carthage [311-325], Mark of Calabria, Nicasius of Dijon, [and] Donnus of Stridon in Pannonia" were the only other Roman Catholic bishops present [Henri Leclercq]
-20 canons [Hefele 1.2:528–620]
2 - Constantinople I (381)
-
-Hefele 2.1:1–48
-J. Bois in DTC 3.1:1227-1231
-successive Presidents of the Council called by the holy Emperor Theodosius I the Great (379-395) were Patriarch St. Meletius of Antioch (360-381), Archbishop St. Gregory Nazianzen the Theologian of Constantinople (Doctor; 379-381; †390), and Archbishop St. Nectarius of Constantinople (381-397)
-originally a General Council of the East; no involvement or representation of Pope St. Damasus I of Rome (366-384)
-
-
-
3 - Ephesus (431)
4 - Chalcedon (451)
-
-
-Pope St. Leo I the Great of Rome (Doctor; 440-461)
-
-
-
-
-
-27 canons
5 - Constantinople II (553)
-Mansi IX:163-658 (88-335)
-Hefele :
-J. Bois in DTC 3.1:1231-1259
-É. Amann in DTC 15.2:1268–1294
6 - Constantinople III (680-681)
-Mansi X:190-922 (101-467)
-Hefele 3.1:472–538
-J. Bois in DTC 3.1:1259-1274
-É. Amann in DTC 7.1:93-132
-Fr. Martin Jugie, A.A. in DTC 10.2:2307-2323
-
-Patriarch George I of Constantinople (679-686)
-Patriarch Peter V of Alexandria
-
-
7 - Nicaea II (787)
-
-Hefele 3.2:601–798
-G. Fritz in DTC 11.1:417-441
-
-
-
8 - Constantinople IV (869-870)
-
-Hefele 4.1:481-546
-Fr. Martin Jugie, A.A. in DTC 3:1273-1307
-E. Amann in DTC 12:1549-1582; 16:666-667
-Pope Adrian II of Rome (867-872)
-Patriarch St. Ignatius of Constantinople (847-858, 867-877)
-Patriarch Michael I of Alexandria (860-870) [AASS 6:V:84, §446 (126)] represented by Deacon Joseph [Mansi XVI:190B]
-Patriarch Nicholas II of Antioch (860-879) [AASS 7:IV:123A-C, §579-581 (153)] represented by Metropolitan Thomas of Tyre [ibid.]
-Patriarch Theodosius of Jerusalem (862-878) [AASS 5:III:xli, §180 (53)] represented by Presbyter Elijah the syncellus [ibid.]
-two of the 26 metropolitans who signed the Acts of the Eighth Ecumenical Council [Mansi XVI:190C-191D] signed the acts of the sixth session of the Robber Council of 879-880 [Mansi XVII-1:513]: Cyprian of Claudiopolis and Ignatius of Hierapolis
-
9 - Lateran I (1123)
-Mansi XXI:277-304 (148-161)
-Hefele 4.2:630-644
-F. Vernet in DTC 8.2:2628-2637
-Pope Callistus II of Rome (1119-1124) "presided in person"
-22 canons promulgated
10 - Lateran II (1139)
-Mansi XXI:523-546 (271-282)
-Hefele 5.1:721-738
-F. Vernet in DTC 8.2:2637-2644
-Pope Innocent II of Rome (1130-1143)
-
11 - Lateran III (1179)
-Mansi XXII:209-468 (118-247)
-Hefele 5.2:1086-1112
-F. Vernet in DTC 8.2:2644-2652
-Pope Alexander III of Rome (1159-1181)
-
-
-
-Latin Patriarch Amalric of Jerusalem (1158-1180) represented by Prior Peter of the Holy Sepulcher [Hefele 5.2:1087]
12 - Lateran IV (1215)
-Mansi XXII:953-1086 (490-556)
-Hefele 5.2:1316–1398
-F. Vernet in DTC 8.2:2652–2667
-Pope Innocent III of Rome (1198-1216)
13 - Lyons I (1245)
-Mansi XXIII:605-686 (303-343)
-Hefele 5.2:1633–1679
-Pope Innocent IV of Rome (1243-1254)
-Latin Patriarch Nicholas de Castro Arquato (1234–1251) [AASS 8:I:151C-F (177)]
-no involvement of Greek Orthodox Patriarch Gregory I of Alexandria (1243-1263) [J. Pargoire in 1903 DTC 1.1:796]
-Latin Patriarch Albert Rezzato of Antioch (1226–1245)
-Patriarch Berthold of Aquileia (1218-1251)
-Catholic Metropolitan Peter Akerovych of Kiev (1241-1246) came with Grand Prince St. Michael the Martyr, Wonderworker of Chernigov
14 - Lyons II (1274)
-Mansi XXIV:37-136 (25-75)
-Hefele 6.1:153–209
-F. Vernet in DTC 9.1:1361–1391
-Bl. Pope Gregory X of Rome (1271-1276) and 15 cardinals
-Titular Latin Patriarch Pantaleon Giustiani of Constantinople (1253–1278) [Hefele 6.1:168; F. Vernet in DTC 9.1:1376]
-Titular Latin Patriarch Opizo Fieschi of Antioch (1247–1292) [Hefele 6.1:168; F. Vernet in DTC 9.1:1376]
-Greek ex-Patriarch Germanus III of Constantinople (1267) [AASS 8:I:164A-165E (190-191)]
-no involvement of Greek Orthodox Patriarch Nicholas II of Alexandria (1263-1276) [J. Pargoire in 1903 DTC 1.1:796]
-Fr. Yves Congar, O.P., I Believe in the Holy Spirit III:130: "it is not possible to say that the Greek Church was really represented"
15 - Vienne (1311-1312)
-Mansi XXV:367-416 (189-213)
-Hefele 6.2:643-719
-J. Leclercq in DTC 15.2:2973-2979
-Avignon Pope Clement V of Rome (1305-1314)
-Titular Latin Patriarch of Constantinople, Nicholas of Thebes (1308-1331) [Mansi XXV:380CD (195)]
-Titular Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem [Mansi XXV:380E (195)]
-Patriarch of Aquileia Ottobuono of Razzi (1302-1315) [Mansi XXV:380D (195)]
-Patriarch Angelo Motonense of Grado (1310-1313) [Mansi XXV:380DE (195)]
16 - Constance (1414-1418)
-Mansi XXVII:519-1240 (269-629); appendix in Mansi XXVIII:1-976 (10-497)
-Hefele 7.1
-A. Baudrillart in DTC 3.2:1200-1224
-
-
-
-no involvement of Greek Orthodox Patriarch Athanasius IV of Alexandria (1417-1425) [J. Pargoire in 1903 DTC 1.1:796]
17 - Basel-Ferrara-Florence (1431-1445)
-
-Hefele 7.2
-A. Vogt in DTC 6.1:24-50
-Pope Eugene IV of Rome (1431-1447)
-Patriarch Joseph II of Constantinople (5/21/1416-6/10/1439), who died a sincere Catholic
-Patriarch Philotheus of Alexandria (1435-1459) represented by the future Patriarch Gregory III Mammas of Constantinople; contrary to his official biography on the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria website, there was no anti-union synod of 1443 or 1450 and Patriarch Philotheus actually sent a Letter to Pope Eugene IV of Rome in which he says that anyone who does not accept the Council of Florence is a heretic [Fr. Gill 323; Mansi XXXI-2:1703-1704 (300)]
-Patriarch Dorotheus II of Antioch (1436-1454) represented by Metropolitan Isidore of Kiev
-Patriarch Joachim of Jerusalem (1431-1450) represented by Metropolitan Dositheus of Monembasia
-no anti-union synod of 1443 [Fr. Gill 354], nor was there an anti-union synod in 1450 [Fr. Gill 376 n. 3]
-Greek Church did not officially repudiate Council of Florence until 1484 [Fr. Gill 410]
18 - Lateran V (1512-1517)
-Mansi XXXII:649–1002 (332-508)
-Hefele 8.1:339–375, 396–548
-F. Vernet in DTC 8.2:2667–2686
-Pope Julius II of Rome (1503-1513) and Pope Leo X of Rome (1513-1521)
-Titular Latin Patriarch Jacques Cortès of Alexandria (1552-1568) [F. Vernet in DTC 8.2:2675]
-Titular Latin Patriarch of Antioch [F. Vernet in DTC 8.2:2675]
19 - Trent (1545-1563)
-
-
-
-Titular Latin Patriarch Anthony Helia of Jerusalem (1558-1575) [Hefele 9.2:717]
-Patriarch Daniel Matthew Alvise Barbaro (1550-1570) [Hefele 9.2:717]
-Patriarch Giovanni Trevisano of Venice (1560-1590) [Hefele 9.2:717]
-no involvement of Patriarch Joasaph II of Constantinople (1555-1565) even though Pope Pius IV of Rome (1555-1559) invited him [Hefele 9.2:1025]
-no involvement of anti-Catholic Patriarch Joachim I Pany of Alexandria (1487-1567), though Pope Pius IV of Rome (1555-1559) invited him [Hefele 9.2:1025], since "the Alexandrian Melkites finally severed relations with Rome after the Turkish conquest of Alexandria in 1517" [G. A. Maloney in NCE I:271]
-no involvement of Patriarch Joachim IV of Antioch (1543-1576), even though Pope Pius IV of Rome (1555-1559) invited him [Hefele 9.2:1025]
-
-
20 - Vatican I (1870)
-
-
21 - Vatican II (1962-1965)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Hefele 1.1:335–632
-president was Bishop St. Hosius the Confessor of Cordoba, who was assisted by the papal legates Priests Victor and Vincent of Rome [Henri Leclercq]
-
-
-
-
-318 bishops [Henri Leclercq]
-"Cecilian of Carthage [311-325], Mark of Calabria, Nicasius of Dijon, [and] Donnus of Stridon in Pannonia" were the only other Roman Catholic bishops present [Henri Leclercq]
-20 canons [Hefele 1.2:528–620]
2 - Constantinople I (381)
-
-Hefele 2.1:1–48
-J. Bois in DTC 3.1:1227-1231
-successive Presidents of the Council called by the holy Emperor Theodosius I the Great (379-395) were Patriarch St. Meletius of Antioch (360-381), Archbishop St. Gregory Nazianzen the Theologian of Constantinople (Doctor; 379-381; †390), and Archbishop St. Nectarius of Constantinople (381-397)
-originally a General Council of the East; no involvement or representation of Pope St. Damasus I of Rome (366-384)
-
-
-
3 - Ephesus (431)
4 - Chalcedon (451)
-
-
-Pope St. Leo I the Great of Rome (Doctor; 440-461)
-
-
-
-
-
-27 canons
5 - Constantinople II (553)
-Mansi IX:163-658 (88-335)
-Hefele :
-J. Bois in DTC 3.1:1231-1259
-É. Amann in DTC 15.2:1268–1294
6 - Constantinople III (680-681)
-Mansi X:190-922 (101-467)
-Hefele 3.1:472–538
-J. Bois in DTC 3.1:1259-1274
-É. Amann in DTC 7.1:93-132
-Fr. Martin Jugie, A.A. in DTC 10.2:2307-2323
-
-Patriarch George I of Constantinople (679-686)
-Patriarch Peter V of Alexandria
-
-
7 - Nicaea II (787)
-
-Hefele 3.2:601–798
-G. Fritz in DTC 11.1:417-441
-
-
-
8 - Constantinople IV (869-870)
-
-Hefele 4.1:481-546
-Fr. Martin Jugie, A.A. in DTC 3:1273-1307
-E. Amann in DTC 12:1549-1582; 16:666-667
-Pope Adrian II of Rome (867-872)
-Patriarch St. Ignatius of Constantinople (847-858, 867-877)
-Patriarch Michael I of Alexandria (860-870) [AASS 6:V:84, §446 (126)] represented by Deacon Joseph [Mansi XVI:190B]
-Patriarch Nicholas II of Antioch (860-879) [AASS 7:IV:123A-C, §579-581 (153)] represented by Metropolitan Thomas of Tyre [ibid.]
-Patriarch Theodosius of Jerusalem (862-878) [AASS 5:III:xli, §180 (53)] represented by Presbyter Elijah the syncellus [ibid.]
-two of the 26 metropolitans who signed the Acts of the Eighth Ecumenical Council [Mansi XVI:190C-191D] signed the acts of the sixth session of the Robber Council of 879-880 [Mansi XVII-1:513]: Cyprian of Claudiopolis and Ignatius of Hierapolis
-
9 - Lateran I (1123)
-Mansi XXI:277-304 (148-161)
-Hefele 4.2:630-644
-F. Vernet in DTC 8.2:2628-2637
-Pope Callistus II of Rome (1119-1124) "presided in person"
-22 canons promulgated
10 - Lateran II (1139)
-Mansi XXI:523-546 (271-282)
-Hefele 5.1:721-738
-F. Vernet in DTC 8.2:2637-2644
-Pope Innocent II of Rome (1130-1143)
-
11 - Lateran III (1179)
-Mansi XXII:209-468 (118-247)
-Hefele 5.2:1086-1112
-F. Vernet in DTC 8.2:2644-2652
-Pope Alexander III of Rome (1159-1181)
-
-
-
-Latin Patriarch Amalric of Jerusalem (1158-1180) represented by Prior Peter of the Holy Sepulcher [Hefele 5.2:1087]
12 - Lateran IV (1215)
-Mansi XXII:953-1086 (490-556)
-Hefele 5.2:1316–1398
-F. Vernet in DTC 8.2:2652–2667
-Pope Innocent III of Rome (1198-1216)
13 - Lyons I (1245)
-Mansi XXIII:605-686 (303-343)
-Hefele 5.2:1633–1679
-Pope Innocent IV of Rome (1243-1254)
-Latin Patriarch Nicholas de Castro Arquato (1234–1251) [AASS 8:I:151C-F (177)]
-no involvement of Greek Orthodox Patriarch Gregory I of Alexandria (1243-1263) [J. Pargoire in 1903 DTC 1.1:796]
-Latin Patriarch Albert Rezzato of Antioch (1226–1245)
-Patriarch Berthold of Aquileia (1218-1251)
-Catholic Metropolitan Peter Akerovych of Kiev (1241-1246) came with Grand Prince St. Michael the Martyr, Wonderworker of Chernigov
14 - Lyons II (1274)
-Mansi XXIV:37-136 (25-75)
-Hefele 6.1:153–209
-F. Vernet in DTC 9.1:1361–1391
-Bl. Pope Gregory X of Rome (1271-1276) and 15 cardinals
-Titular Latin Patriarch Pantaleon Giustiani of Constantinople (1253–1278) [Hefele 6.1:168; F. Vernet in DTC 9.1:1376]
-Titular Latin Patriarch Opizo Fieschi of Antioch (1247–1292) [Hefele 6.1:168; F. Vernet in DTC 9.1:1376]
-Greek ex-Patriarch Germanus III of Constantinople (1267) [AASS 8:I:164A-165E (190-191)]
-no involvement of Greek Orthodox Patriarch Nicholas II of Alexandria (1263-1276) [J. Pargoire in 1903 DTC 1.1:796]
-Fr. Yves Congar, O.P., I Believe in the Holy Spirit III:130: "it is not possible to say that the Greek Church was really represented"
15 - Vienne (1311-1312)
-Mansi XXV:367-416 (189-213)
-Hefele 6.2:643-719
-J. Leclercq in DTC 15.2:2973-2979
-Avignon Pope Clement V of Rome (1305-1314)
-Titular Latin Patriarch of Constantinople, Nicholas of Thebes (1308-1331) [Mansi XXV:380CD (195)]
-Titular Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem [Mansi XXV:380E (195)]
-Patriarch of Aquileia Ottobuono of Razzi (1302-1315) [Mansi XXV:380D (195)]
-Patriarch Angelo Motonense of Grado (1310-1313) [Mansi XXV:380DE (195)]
16 - Constance (1414-1418)
-Mansi XXVII:519-1240 (269-629); appendix in Mansi XXVIII:1-976 (10-497)
-Hefele 7.1
-A. Baudrillart in DTC 3.2:1200-1224
-
-
-
-no involvement of Greek Orthodox Patriarch Athanasius IV of Alexandria (1417-1425) [J. Pargoire in 1903 DTC 1.1:796]
17 - Basel-Ferrara-Florence (1431-1445)
-
-Hefele 7.2
-A. Vogt in DTC 6.1:24-50
-Pope Eugene IV of Rome (1431-1447)
-Patriarch Joseph II of Constantinople (5/21/1416-6/10/1439), who died a sincere Catholic
-Patriarch Philotheus of Alexandria (1435-1459) represented by the future Patriarch Gregory III Mammas of Constantinople; contrary to his official biography on the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria website, there was no anti-union synod of 1443 or 1450 and Patriarch Philotheus actually sent a Letter to Pope Eugene IV of Rome in which he says that anyone who does not accept the Council of Florence is a heretic [Fr. Gill 323; Mansi XXXI-2:1703-1704 (300)]
-Patriarch Dorotheus II of Antioch (1436-1454) represented by Metropolitan Isidore of Kiev
-Patriarch Joachim of Jerusalem (1431-1450) represented by Metropolitan Dositheus of Monembasia
-no anti-union synod of 1443 [Fr. Gill 354], nor was there an anti-union synod in 1450 [Fr. Gill 376 n. 3]
-Greek Church did not officially repudiate Council of Florence until 1484 [Fr. Gill 410]
18 - Lateran V (1512-1517)
-Mansi XXXII:649–1002 (332-508)
-Hefele 8.1:339–375, 396–548
-F. Vernet in DTC 8.2:2667–2686
-Pope Julius II of Rome (1503-1513) and Pope Leo X of Rome (1513-1521)
-Titular Latin Patriarch Jacques Cortès of Alexandria (1552-1568) [F. Vernet in DTC 8.2:2675]
-Titular Latin Patriarch of Antioch [F. Vernet in DTC 8.2:2675]
19 - Trent (1545-1563)
-
-
-
-Titular Latin Patriarch Anthony Helia of Jerusalem (1558-1575) [Hefele 9.2:717]
-Patriarch Daniel Matthew Alvise Barbaro (1550-1570) [Hefele 9.2:717]
-Patriarch Giovanni Trevisano of Venice (1560-1590) [Hefele 9.2:717]
-no involvement of Patriarch Joasaph II of Constantinople (1555-1565) even though Pope Pius IV of Rome (1555-1559) invited him [Hefele 9.2:1025]
-no involvement of anti-Catholic Patriarch Joachim I Pany of Alexandria (1487-1567), though Pope Pius IV of Rome (1555-1559) invited him [Hefele 9.2:1025], since "the Alexandrian Melkites finally severed relations with Rome after the Turkish conquest of Alexandria in 1517" [G. A. Maloney in NCE I:271]
-no involvement of Patriarch Joachim IV of Antioch (1543-1576), even though Pope Pius IV of Rome (1555-1559) invited him [Hefele 9.2:1025]
-
-
20 - Vatican I (1870)
-
-
21 - Vatican II (1962-1965)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Monday, April 11, 2011
Old Rome, Not New Rome 1
This is version 3.0 (2011) of part 1 of "Why God Led Me to Rome Instead of Constantinople." May God bless you with ever-growing communion with Him and may He bless you and yours with everlasting life. May He make use of this sinner to win people over to the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church by holiness of life and sound arguments from Sacred Scripture and Tradition and right reason. May God grant this sinner the strength to show, in these posts, that Catholicism, and not Eastern Orthodoxy, is the only true and saving faith, and that the Catholic Church is the bearer of the Four Marks of the Church. Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, a sinner.
Since the Eastern Orthodox Church does not have an infallible magisterium,{1} it has been unable to definitively solve issues such as the following{2}: the procession of the Holy Spirit; the nature of the primacy of the Pope; the validity of Catholic Baptism; the canon of Sacred Scripture; whether there is a real distinction in God between His essence and energy; the form of the Eucharist; the immediacy of retribution; Purgatory; and other issues.
Notes to Preface
{1} Fr. Martin Jugie, A.A. (†1954), Theologia dogmatica Christianorum orientalium ab Ecclesia Catholica dissidentium IV:525-529.
{2} Op. cit., 538-539.
A. Constantinople Not an Apostolic See
B. Heretical Patriarchs of Constantinople
Despite its share of saintly archbishops and patriarchs,{1} the see of Constantinople has been occupied by numerous heretics and even heresiarchs. Its three Arian occupants were Eusebius of Nicomedia (339-342),{2} Eudoxius of Antioch (360-370),{3} and Demophilus (370-380).{4} The semi-Arian heresiarch Macedonius (342-346, 351-360; †364){5} and the heresiarch Nestorius (428-431){6} also held the throne, as did five Monophysites: Acacius (472-489),{7} Fravitas (489),{8} Euphemius (489-495),{9} Timothy I (511-518),{10} and Anthimus I (535-536).{11} The Monothelite Patriarchs of Constantinople include the heresiarch Sergius I (610-638),{12} Pyrrhus (638-641, 654),{13} Paul II (641-653),{14} Peter (654-666),{15} and John VI (712-714).{16} Constantinople also had a series of Iconoclast Patriarchs: Anastasius (730-754),{17} Constantine II (754-766),{18} Nicetas I (766-780),{19} Paul IV (780-784),{20} Theodotus I Cassiteras (815-821),{21} Antony I Cassimatis (821-836),{22} and John VII Grammaticus (836-842).{23} Photius (877-886), whose first term was illegitimate,{24} was guilty of doctrinal innovations,{25} especially his opposition to the Filioque.{26} Cyril I Lucaris (1612, 1620-1623, 1623-1633, 1633-1634, 1634-1635, 1637-1638) was a Calvinist,{27} Cyril V (1748-1751, 1752-1757) held Anabaptist tenets,{28} and Meletius IV Metaxakis (1921-1923; †1935) was a Freemason who declared Anglican orders valid.{29}
If Catholicism is false, then even more Patriarchs of Constantinople were heretics, since they accepted distinctively Catholic dogmas (e.g., Filioque, papal primacy): John XI Beccus (1275-1282; †1297),{30} Joseph II (1416-1439),{31} Metrophanes II (1440-1443),{32} Gregory III Mammas, a renowned wonderworker (1443-1459),{33} Dionysius II (1546-1555),{34} Neophytus II (1602-1603, 1607-1612),{35} Raphael II (1603-1607),{36} Cyril II Contares (1633, 1635-1636, 1638-1639; †1640),{37} Athanasius V (1709-1711),{38} and probably others.{39}
Since 1054, there has been no "Orthodox" Pope of Rome, whereas the post-1054 Orthodox succession lines of the following autocephalous sees and Churches include multiple Catholics:
Constantinople: nine or more (to 1711)
Alexandria: three or more (to 1517)
Antioch: four or more; up to 25 (to 1724) [G. D. Gallaro in NCE IX:479]
Jerusalem: six or more (to 1503)
Kiev: 15 or more (to 1596)
Serbia: two or more (to 1321)
Bulgaria (Tarnovo and Ohrid): eight or more (to 1660)
Georgia: 15 or more (to 1240)
Notes to Section B
{29}
{30}
{31}
{32}
{33} a. Siméon Vailhé, "Constantinople, Église de," in the 1907 DTC 3.2:1402, says that "the Catholic Patriarch Gregory Mammas ... had not abdicated and ... probably had not been deposed..." According to Fr. Joseph Gill, S.J. of happy memory, there was no anti-Catholic Patriarch Athanasius II of Constantinople (1450-1453); see The Council of Florence (Cambridge, 1959), p. 376 n. 3.
b. AASS 8:I:190B-192B (216-218).
c. On the holy Gregory's reputation as a wonderworker, see his Greek biography on the Ecumenical Patriarchate website.
{34} a. Vailhé, op. cit., 1424-1425.
b.
c.
{35}
{36} a. Vailhé, op. cit., 1426.
b.
{37} a.
b.
{38} a. Vailhé, op. cit., 1432: "And concerning the Patriarch Athanasius V, we note that he was deposed in 1711, because he innovated in matters of faith and showed himself too favorable to Western ideas, that is to say to Catholicism."
C. Heretical Patriarchs of Alexandria
D. Heretical Patriarchs of Antioch
E. Heretical Patriarchs of Jerusalem
F. Alleged Counter-Examples proposed by Orthodox: Old Rome
G. The Russian Church
The first Christians of Russia were Catholic.{1} Princess St. Olga of Kiev was Catholic,{2} and so was her grandson, Grand Prince St. Vladimir I Sviatoslavich the Great.{3} From his conversion until the elevation of anti-Catholic Metropolitan Nicephorus I of Kiev (1104-1121),{4} all the metropolitans of Kiev were Catholic,{5} except for John II of Kiev (1080-1089).{6} These were St. Michael I of Kiev (988-992),{7} Leontius (992-1008),{8} John I (1019-1035),{9} Theopemptus (1035-1049),{10} Hilarion (1051-1055),{11} Ephraim I (1055-1061),{12} George (1062-1073),{13} John III (1089-1091),{14} and Nicholas I of Kiev (1097–1101).{15} Even between 1121 and the Ecumenical Council of Florence, not all the Metropolitans of Kiev were Orthodox; Catholic Metropolitans of Kiev during this time period include Clement Smoliatich (1147-1154){16} and Peter Akerovych (1241-1246){17}, and probably John IV (1164-1166).{18} There is no historical certainty that the following Metropolitans of Kiev were Orthodox: Nicetas (1122-1126),{19} Michael II (1130-1145),{20} Constantine I (1156-1159),{21} Theodore (1161-1163),{22} and Nicephorus II (1182-1198).{23} Peter of Kiev (1308-1326), who resided in Moscow starting in 1325, was Catholic for quite a while (until at least 1316),{24} but became Orthodox in 1324 at the latest.{25}
Notes to section G
{1} a.
b.
{2} a.
b.
{3} a.
b. Andrew Shipman, "St. Vladimir the Great," in the 1912 Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 15.
{4} a.
b.
{5} a. Fr. Stilting in AASS
b. Fr. Yves Congar, O.P., After Nine Hundred Years: The Background of the Schism Between the Eastern and Western Churches (Fordham University Press, 1959), p. 95, n. 7.
c. Fr. Joseph Schweigl, "Menologio graeco-slavico post annum 1054," Periodica de re morali, canonica, liturgica 3 (Rome 1941): 222.
{6}
{7}
{8} a.
b.
c. Fr. Mauricio Gordillo, S.J. in the 1938 DTC 14.1:217: the letter denouncing unleavened bread is not by Leontius of Kiev, but by a metropolitan in Bulgaria after the time of the anti-Catholic bishops Leo of Ochrid and Michael Cerularius.
d. The Popes were John XV (XVI) (985-996), Gregory V (996-999), Sylvester II (999-1003), John XVII (XVIII) (1003), and John XVIII (XIX) of Rome (1003-1009).
e. The Antipope was John Philagathus of Piacenza ("John XVI (XVII)" 997-998; †1013).
f. The Patriarchs of Constantinople were Catholic Sisinnius II (996-998) [Siméon Vailhé in 1907 DTC 3.2:1359] and Sergius II (1001-1019).
{9} a.
b.
c. The Popes were Benedict VIII (1012-1024), John XIX (1024-1032) and Benedict IX of Rome (1032-1045).
d. The Patriarchs of Constantinople were Sergius II (1001-1019), Eustathius (1019-1025), and Alexius I the Studite (1025-1043).
{10} a.
b.
c. The Popes were Benedict IX (1032-1045), Gregory VI of Rome (1045-1046; †1048), Clement II (1046-1047), Damasus II (1048), and St. Leo IX the Wonderworker of Rome (1049-1054).
d. The Antipopes were John of Sabina ("Sylvester III" 1045; †1063) and the ex-pope Benedict IX (1047-1048).
e. The Patriarchs of Constantinople were Alexius I the Studite (1025-1043) and the anti-Catholic Michael I Cerularius (1043-1058).
{11} a.
b. Fr. Congar, loc. cit.
{12} a.
b. Fr. Congar, loc. cit.
{13} a.
b. Fr. Congar, loc. cit.
c. Fr. Gordillo in op. cit., 218: the anti-Catholic letter said to be a 1072 work of Metropolitan George of Kiev is probably a 12th century work
d. The Pope was Alexander II of Rome (1061-1073).
e. The Patriarchs of Constantinople were Constantine III Leichoudes (1059-1063) and the anti-Catholic John VIII Xiphilinus (1064-1075) [AASS 8:I:127C-128D (153-154)], who frustrated an attempted reunion of the Churches in 1072 under Pope Alexander II of Rome (1061-1073) and Byzantine Emperor Michael VII Ducas (1071-1078; †1090) [Fr. Jugie I:402].
{14} a.
b. Fr. Congar, loc. cit.
{15} a.
b. Fr. Congar, loc. cit.
{16}
{17}
{18} a. Fr. Stilting, op. cit., xviii:EF, §75 (43), says "Joannes probabilius Catholicus", and according to Ignatius Kulczynski, O.S.B.M., he wrote a letter of obedience to Pope Alexander III of Rome at the command of Grand Prince Rostislav I Mstislavich of Kiev (1154, 1159–1167), whom the Eastern Orthodox commemorate on March 14 (see his OCA entry).
b. The Pope was Alexander III of Rome (1159-1181).
c. The Antipope was Guido of Crema ("Pascal III" 1165-1168).
d. The Patriarch of Constantinople was Luke Chrysoberges (1156-1169) [AASS 8:I:139C-140C (165-166)].
{19} a. Fr. Stilting says, op. cit., xviii:EF, §73 (42), that he was in communion with the Patriarch of Constantinople, but it is uncertain if Nicetas was Catholic or schismatic.
b. Mgr. Pelesz I:293 (305) says, "über dessen Wirksamkeit keine Nachrichten vorhanden sind."
c. The Popes were Callistus II (1119-1124) and Honorius II of Rome (1124-1130).
d. The Patriarch was John IX Agapetus of Constantinople (1111-1134) [AASS 8:I:131D-132B (157-158)].
{20} a. Fr. Stilting says, loc. cit., that he was in communion with the Patriarch of Constantinople, but it is uncertain if Michael II was Catholic or schismatic.
b. Mgr. Pelesz I:294-295 (306-307) is not clear on whether Michael II was Catholic or Orthodox.
c. The Popes were Innocent II (1130-1143), Celestine II (1143-1144), Lucius II (1144-1145), and Bl. Eugene III of Rome (1145-1153).
d. The Antipopes were Pietro Pierleoni ("Anacletus II" 1130-1138) and Gregorio Conti ("Victor IV" 1138; †1139).
e. The Patriarchs of Constantinople were John IX Agapetus (1111-1134) [AASS 8:I:131D-132B (157-158)], Leo Styppeiotes (1134-1143) [AASS 8:I:132B-133B (158-159)], and Michael II Kourkouas (1143-1146) [AASS 8:I:133C-E (159)].
{21} a. Fr. Stilting, op. cit., xviii:EF, §75 (43), says "de hisce nihil certi invenio".
b.
c. The Pope was Adrian IV of Rome (1154-1159).
d. The Antipope was Ottavio di Montecelio ("Victor IV" 1159-1164).
e. The Patriarch of Constantinople was Luke Chrysoberges (1156-1169) [AASS 8:I:139C-140C (165-166)].
{22} a. Fr. Stilting, loc. cit., says "de hisce nihil certi invenio".
b.
c. The Pope was Adrian IV of Rome (1154-1159).
d. The Antipope was Ottavio di Montecelio ("Victor IV" 1159-1164).
e. The Patriarch of Constantinople was Luke Chrysoberges (1156-1169) [AASS 8:I:139C-140C (165-166)].
{23}
{24}
{25}
{26}
{27}
{28}
{29}
{30}
{31}
{32}
{33}
H. The Serbian Church
I. The Bulgarian Church
J. The Georgian Church
K. The Photian Schism
L. The Council of Florence
Since the Eastern Orthodox Church does not have an infallible magisterium,{1} it has been unable to definitively solve issues such as the following{2}: the procession of the Holy Spirit; the nature of the primacy of the Pope; the validity of Catholic Baptism; the canon of Sacred Scripture; whether there is a real distinction in God between His essence and energy; the form of the Eucharist; the immediacy of retribution; Purgatory; and other issues.
Notes to Preface
{1} Fr. Martin Jugie, A.A. (†1954), Theologia dogmatica Christianorum orientalium ab Ecclesia Catholica dissidentium IV:525-529.
{2} Op. cit., 538-539.
A. Constantinople Not an Apostolic See
B. Heretical Patriarchs of Constantinople
Despite its share of saintly archbishops and patriarchs,{1} the see of Constantinople has been occupied by numerous heretics and even heresiarchs. Its three Arian occupants were Eusebius of Nicomedia (339-342),{2} Eudoxius of Antioch (360-370),{3} and Demophilus (370-380).{4} The semi-Arian heresiarch Macedonius (342-346, 351-360; †364){5} and the heresiarch Nestorius (428-431){6} also held the throne, as did five Monophysites: Acacius (472-489),{7} Fravitas (489),{8} Euphemius (489-495),{9} Timothy I (511-518),{10} and Anthimus I (535-536).{11} The Monothelite Patriarchs of Constantinople include the heresiarch Sergius I (610-638),{12} Pyrrhus (638-641, 654),{13} Paul II (641-653),{14} Peter (654-666),{15} and John VI (712-714).{16} Constantinople also had a series of Iconoclast Patriarchs: Anastasius (730-754),{17} Constantine II (754-766),{18} Nicetas I (766-780),{19} Paul IV (780-784),{20} Theodotus I Cassiteras (815-821),{21} Antony I Cassimatis (821-836),{22} and John VII Grammaticus (836-842).{23} Photius (877-886), whose first term was illegitimate,{24} was guilty of doctrinal innovations,{25} especially his opposition to the Filioque.{26} Cyril I Lucaris (1612, 1620-1623, 1623-1633, 1633-1634, 1634-1635, 1637-1638) was a Calvinist,{27} Cyril V (1748-1751, 1752-1757) held Anabaptist tenets,{28} and Meletius IV Metaxakis (1921-1923; †1935) was a Freemason who declared Anglican orders valid.{29}
If Catholicism is false, then even more Patriarchs of Constantinople were heretics, since they accepted distinctively Catholic dogmas (e.g., Filioque, papal primacy): John XI Beccus (1275-1282; †1297),{30} Joseph II (1416-1439),{31} Metrophanes II (1440-1443),{32} Gregory III Mammas, a renowned wonderworker (1443-1459),{33} Dionysius II (1546-1555),{34} Neophytus II (1602-1603, 1607-1612),{35} Raphael II (1603-1607),{36} Cyril II Contares (1633, 1635-1636, 1638-1639; †1640),{37} Athanasius V (1709-1711),{38} and probably others.{39}
Since 1054, there has been no "Orthodox" Pope of Rome, whereas the post-1054 Orthodox succession lines of the following autocephalous sees and Churches include multiple Catholics:
Constantinople: nine or more (to 1711)
Alexandria: three or more (to 1517)
Antioch: four or more; up to 25 (to 1724) [G. D. Gallaro in NCE IX:479]
Jerusalem: six or more (to 1503)
Kiev: 15 or more (to 1596)
Serbia: two or more (to 1321)
Bulgaria (Tarnovo and Ohrid): eight or more (to 1660)
Georgia: 15 or more (to 1240)
Notes to Section B
{29}
{30}
{31}
{32}
{33} a. Siméon Vailhé, "Constantinople, Église de," in the 1907 DTC 3.2:1402, says that "the Catholic Patriarch Gregory Mammas ... had not abdicated and ... probably had not been deposed..." According to Fr. Joseph Gill, S.J. of happy memory, there was no anti-Catholic Patriarch Athanasius II of Constantinople (1450-1453); see The Council of Florence (Cambridge, 1959), p. 376 n. 3.
b. AASS 8:I:190B-192B (216-218).
c. On the holy Gregory's reputation as a wonderworker, see his Greek biography on the Ecumenical Patriarchate website.
{34} a. Vailhé, op. cit., 1424-1425.
b.
c.
{35}
{36} a. Vailhé, op. cit., 1426.
b.
{37} a.
b.
{38} a. Vailhé, op. cit., 1432: "And concerning the Patriarch Athanasius V, we note that he was deposed in 1711, because he innovated in matters of faith and showed himself too favorable to Western ideas, that is to say to Catholicism."
C. Heretical Patriarchs of Alexandria
D. Heretical Patriarchs of Antioch
E. Heretical Patriarchs of Jerusalem
F. Alleged Counter-Examples proposed by Orthodox: Old Rome
G. The Russian Church
The first Christians of Russia were Catholic.{1} Princess St. Olga of Kiev was Catholic,{2} and so was her grandson, Grand Prince St. Vladimir I Sviatoslavich the Great.{3} From his conversion until the elevation of anti-Catholic Metropolitan Nicephorus I of Kiev (1104-1121),{4} all the metropolitans of Kiev were Catholic,{5} except for John II of Kiev (1080-1089).{6} These were St. Michael I of Kiev (988-992),{7} Leontius (992-1008),{8} John I (1019-1035),{9} Theopemptus (1035-1049),{10} Hilarion (1051-1055),{11} Ephraim I (1055-1061),{12} George (1062-1073),{13} John III (1089-1091),{14} and Nicholas I of Kiev (1097–1101).{15} Even between 1121 and the Ecumenical Council of Florence, not all the Metropolitans of Kiev were Orthodox; Catholic Metropolitans of Kiev during this time period include Clement Smoliatich (1147-1154){16} and Peter Akerovych (1241-1246){17}, and probably John IV (1164-1166).{18} There is no historical certainty that the following Metropolitans of Kiev were Orthodox: Nicetas (1122-1126),{19} Michael II (1130-1145),{20} Constantine I (1156-1159),{21} Theodore (1161-1163),{22} and Nicephorus II (1182-1198).{23} Peter of Kiev (1308-1326), who resided in Moscow starting in 1325, was Catholic for quite a while (until at least 1316),{24} but became Orthodox in 1324 at the latest.{25}
Notes to section G
{1} a.
b.
{2} a.
b.
{3} a.
b. Andrew Shipman, "St. Vladimir the Great," in the 1912 Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 15.
{4} a.
b.
{5} a. Fr. Stilting in AASS
b. Fr. Yves Congar, O.P., After Nine Hundred Years: The Background of the Schism Between the Eastern and Western Churches (Fordham University Press, 1959), p. 95, n. 7.
c. Fr. Joseph Schweigl, "Menologio graeco-slavico post annum 1054," Periodica de re morali, canonica, liturgica 3 (Rome 1941): 222.
{6}
{7}
{8} a.
b.
c. Fr. Mauricio Gordillo, S.J. in the 1938 DTC 14.1:217: the letter denouncing unleavened bread is not by Leontius of Kiev, but by a metropolitan in Bulgaria after the time of the anti-Catholic bishops Leo of Ochrid and Michael Cerularius.
d. The Popes were John XV (XVI) (985-996), Gregory V (996-999), Sylvester II (999-1003), John XVII (XVIII) (1003), and John XVIII (XIX) of Rome (1003-1009).
e. The Antipope was John Philagathus of Piacenza ("John XVI (XVII)" 997-998; †1013).
f. The Patriarchs of Constantinople were Catholic Sisinnius II (996-998) [Siméon Vailhé in 1907 DTC 3.2:1359] and Sergius II (1001-1019).
{9} a.
b.
c. The Popes were Benedict VIII (1012-1024), John XIX (1024-1032) and Benedict IX of Rome (1032-1045).
d. The Patriarchs of Constantinople were Sergius II (1001-1019), Eustathius (1019-1025), and Alexius I the Studite (1025-1043).
{10} a.
b.
c. The Popes were Benedict IX (1032-1045), Gregory VI of Rome (1045-1046; †1048), Clement II (1046-1047), Damasus II (1048), and St. Leo IX the Wonderworker of Rome (1049-1054).
d. The Antipopes were John of Sabina ("Sylvester III" 1045; †1063) and the ex-pope Benedict IX (1047-1048).
e. The Patriarchs of Constantinople were Alexius I the Studite (1025-1043) and the anti-Catholic Michael I Cerularius (1043-1058).
{11} a.
b. Fr. Congar, loc. cit.
{12} a.
b. Fr. Congar, loc. cit.
{13} a.
b. Fr. Congar, loc. cit.
c. Fr. Gordillo in op. cit., 218: the anti-Catholic letter said to be a 1072 work of Metropolitan George of Kiev is probably a 12th century work
d. The Pope was Alexander II of Rome (1061-1073).
e. The Patriarchs of Constantinople were Constantine III Leichoudes (1059-1063) and the anti-Catholic John VIII Xiphilinus (1064-1075) [AASS 8:I:127C-128D (153-154)], who frustrated an attempted reunion of the Churches in 1072 under Pope Alexander II of Rome (1061-1073) and Byzantine Emperor Michael VII Ducas (1071-1078; †1090) [Fr. Jugie I:402].
{14} a.
b. Fr. Congar, loc. cit.
{15} a.
b. Fr. Congar, loc. cit.
{16}
{17}
{18} a. Fr. Stilting, op. cit., xviii:EF, §75 (43), says "Joannes probabilius Catholicus", and according to Ignatius Kulczynski, O.S.B.M., he wrote a letter of obedience to Pope Alexander III of Rome at the command of Grand Prince Rostislav I Mstislavich of Kiev (1154, 1159–1167), whom the Eastern Orthodox commemorate on March 14 (see his OCA entry).
b. The Pope was Alexander III of Rome (1159-1181).
c. The Antipope was Guido of Crema ("Pascal III" 1165-1168).
d. The Patriarch of Constantinople was Luke Chrysoberges (1156-1169) [AASS 8:I:139C-140C (165-166)].
{19} a. Fr. Stilting says, op. cit., xviii:EF, §73 (42), that he was in communion with the Patriarch of Constantinople, but it is uncertain if Nicetas was Catholic or schismatic.
b. Mgr. Pelesz I:293 (305) says, "über dessen Wirksamkeit keine Nachrichten vorhanden sind."
c. The Popes were Callistus II (1119-1124) and Honorius II of Rome (1124-1130).
d. The Patriarch was John IX Agapetus of Constantinople (1111-1134) [AASS 8:I:131D-132B (157-158)].
{20} a. Fr. Stilting says, loc. cit., that he was in communion with the Patriarch of Constantinople, but it is uncertain if Michael II was Catholic or schismatic.
b. Mgr. Pelesz I:294-295 (306-307) is not clear on whether Michael II was Catholic or Orthodox.
c. The Popes were Innocent II (1130-1143), Celestine II (1143-1144), Lucius II (1144-1145), and Bl. Eugene III of Rome (1145-1153).
d. The Antipopes were Pietro Pierleoni ("Anacletus II" 1130-1138) and Gregorio Conti ("Victor IV" 1138; †1139).
e. The Patriarchs of Constantinople were John IX Agapetus (1111-1134) [AASS 8:I:131D-132B (157-158)], Leo Styppeiotes (1134-1143) [AASS 8:I:132B-133B (158-159)], and Michael II Kourkouas (1143-1146) [AASS 8:I:133C-E (159)].
{21} a. Fr. Stilting, op. cit., xviii:EF, §75 (43), says "de hisce nihil certi invenio".
b.
c. The Pope was Adrian IV of Rome (1154-1159).
d. The Antipope was Ottavio di Montecelio ("Victor IV" 1159-1164).
e. The Patriarch of Constantinople was Luke Chrysoberges (1156-1169) [AASS 8:I:139C-140C (165-166)].
{22} a. Fr. Stilting, loc. cit., says "de hisce nihil certi invenio".
b.
c. The Pope was Adrian IV of Rome (1154-1159).
d. The Antipope was Ottavio di Montecelio ("Victor IV" 1159-1164).
e. The Patriarch of Constantinople was Luke Chrysoberges (1156-1169) [AASS 8:I:139C-140C (165-166)].
{23}
{24}
{25}
{26}
{27}
{28}
{29}
{30}
{31}
{32}
{33}
H. The Serbian Church
I. The Bulgarian Church
J. The Georgian Church
K. The Photian Schism
L. The Council of Florence
Monday, March 21, 2011
Corrigenda
Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, a sinner.
Dear readers, pray for me and forgive me for misleading you by my errors of scholarship.
Nicephorus the Hesychast of Mt. Athos (†1300)
I don't think the anti-Catholic monk Nicephorus the Hesychast (†1300?), an Italian who converted from Catholicism to Eastern Orthodoxy and was famous for his anti-union activities in the wake of the 14th Ecumenical Council (Lyons II in 1274), is the "Our Venerable Father Nicephor, Hegumen of the Medikion Monastery (14th Century)" for May 5 of the "official calendar of saints and commemorations for the Byzantine Ruthenian Metropolitan Church of Pittsburgh is taken from The Divine Liturgy of our Holy Father John Chrysostom (2006)." The calendar seems to list the wrong century; Nicephorus the Hesychast was an Athonite, whereas there is a St. Nicephorus of the Medikion Monastery, which is in Bithynia and not Athos, who reposed in the 815. On this St. Nicephorus see the Acta Sanctorum for May 4 from the year 1680: 5:I:500-501E (628-629). St. Gregory Palamas praised Nicephorus the Hesychast for his anti-Catholicism, yet Josyf Cardinal Slipyj must have led the Magisterium to moral certainty that Palamas died a Catholic, thought it seems that Slipyj's specific arguments are not a matter of public knowledge (though Fr. Serge Keleher of Dublin might know). Here is a rough translation of what Palamas says in Triads II:2:2, from the French translation of Fr. John Meyendorff, p. 320: "Nicephorus who confessed the true faith and therefore was condemned to banishment by the first emperor Palaeologus who adopted the thinking of the Latins, Nicephorus was of Italian origin, but acknowledged the heresy of these people, so he joined our Orthodox Church, and with the customs of his fathers, he rejects their heritage and prefers our empire to his own country..."
Photius
Did Photius die in communion with the Holy See? Previously I answered with a resounding yes, and I hope this is the case. Yet I can't really be enthusiastic about Photius anymore, in light of the observations of Fr. Venance Grumel, A.A. of happy memory in "New Light on the Photian Schism," Unitas 5 (1953), 147-148.
Dear readers, pray for me and forgive me for misleading you by my errors of scholarship.
Nicephorus the Hesychast of Mt. Athos (†1300)
I don't think the anti-Catholic monk Nicephorus the Hesychast (†1300?), an Italian who converted from Catholicism to Eastern Orthodoxy and was famous for his anti-union activities in the wake of the 14th Ecumenical Council (Lyons II in 1274), is the "Our Venerable Father Nicephor, Hegumen of the Medikion Monastery (14th Century)" for May 5 of the "official calendar of saints and commemorations for the Byzantine Ruthenian Metropolitan Church of Pittsburgh is taken from The Divine Liturgy of our Holy Father John Chrysostom (2006)." The calendar seems to list the wrong century; Nicephorus the Hesychast was an Athonite, whereas there is a St. Nicephorus of the Medikion Monastery, which is in Bithynia and not Athos, who reposed in the 815. On this St. Nicephorus see the Acta Sanctorum for May 4 from the year 1680: 5:I:500-501E (628-629). St. Gregory Palamas praised Nicephorus the Hesychast for his anti-Catholicism, yet Josyf Cardinal Slipyj must have led the Magisterium to moral certainty that Palamas died a Catholic, thought it seems that Slipyj's specific arguments are not a matter of public knowledge (though Fr. Serge Keleher of Dublin might know). Here is a rough translation of what Palamas says in Triads II:2:2, from the French translation of Fr. John Meyendorff, p. 320: "Nicephorus who confessed the true faith and therefore was condemned to banishment by the first emperor Palaeologus who adopted the thinking of the Latins, Nicephorus was of Italian origin, but acknowledged the heresy of these people, so he joined our Orthodox Church, and with the customs of his fathers, he rejects their heritage and prefers our empire to his own country..."
Photius
Did Photius die in communion with the Holy See? Previously I answered with a resounding yes, and I hope this is the case. Yet I can't really be enthusiastic about Photius anymore, in light of the observations of Fr. Venance Grumel, A.A. of happy memory in "New Light on the Photian Schism," Unitas 5 (1953), 147-148.
Saturday, March 19, 2011
Did Photius die in communion with the Holy See?
Mirror link
Hail Joseph the just, Wisdom is with you; blessed are you among all men and blessed is Jesus, the fruit of Mary, your faithful spouse. Holy Joseph, worthy foster-father of Jesus Christ, pray for us sinners and obtain divine Wisdom for us from God, now and at the hour of our death. Amen.
==========
Previously I answered with a resounding yes, and I hope this is the case. Yet I can't really be enthusiastic about Photius anymore, in light of the following observations of Fr. Venance Grumel, A.A. of happy memory in "New Light on the Photian Schism," Unitas 5 (1953), 147-148.
Did Photius die in communion with the Holy See?
The most striking result of this recent research on the Photian question is the disappearance of the presumed second Photian schism. For many people this conclusion takes the concrete form: Photius died in communion with the Holy See. Is the conclusion justified? To respond we must avoid hasty conclusions, and distinguish between the position in the eyes of the law and the conduct or personal conscience of the deposed patriarch.
We cannot pass over in silence the fact that the Council of 869 was omitted from official lists of ecumenical councils, even in the West, until the second half of the eleventh century. Dvornik has established this with great erudition, and concludes that this silence is equivalent to the annulment of the Council. But we claim that it is more reasonable to suppose that since the Council concerned itself only with a personal issue and not with any question of dogma there was no great reason for emphasizing its importance at the time, and that also it seemed diplomatic in the West to remain silent after the Photian affair was settled in 899.
If it is a question of the position of Photius in the eyes of the law, all that we can say is that Photius died in communion with the Church of Byzantium. If this was in communion with Rome at the time, the former patriarch died in communion with Rome; if it was in schism, he died in schism. We are faced with two uncertainties here—the date of Photius's death and the situation of the two Churches from the time of Formosus until the reunion council held under John IX in 899. We cannot give a reply to the main question until we can answer these two.
In regard to the personal attitude and the conscience of the ex-patriarch we are on even more difficult ground. Photius composed his two principal works against the doctrine of the Filioque after his re-establishment as patriarch under John VIII, his letter to the Archbishop of Aquilea and his Mystagoge. He was not manifesting a desire for reconciliation, and he even avoids the expression through the Son, used by the Second Council of Nicaea and current among the Greek Fathers. Would this latter have embarrassed him just as later it was to embarrass the adversaries of Johannes Beccos?
What of the genuine attitude of Photius towards the Roman Church? It is argued that he had different attitudes, and many of them, not so much against the Roman Church as against those who headed it. He spurned St. Nicholas I, he admired John VIII and Adrian III; the one had eyed him with disfavor, the other two with forgiveness. He measured the merit of those who occupied the Apostolic See by their treatment of himself. With this in mind we conclude that the question: "Did Photius die a Catholic?" is a strange one. We are even more fully convinced that in seeking a patron for works of Unity, we should not pause to consider the possibility of choosing Photius, as some others would suggest (19).
(19) Fr. Dvornik, "Photius, père du schisme ou apôtre de l’union" in Vie intellectuelle, Dec. 1945, pp. 16-28.
Hail Joseph the just, Wisdom is with you; blessed are you among all men and blessed is Jesus, the fruit of Mary, your faithful spouse. Holy Joseph, worthy foster-father of Jesus Christ, pray for us sinners and obtain divine Wisdom for us from God, now and at the hour of our death. Amen.
==========
Previously I answered with a resounding yes, and I hope this is the case. Yet I can't really be enthusiastic about Photius anymore, in light of the following observations of Fr. Venance Grumel, A.A. of happy memory in "New Light on the Photian Schism," Unitas 5 (1953), 147-148.
Did Photius die in communion with the Holy See?
The most striking result of this recent research on the Photian question is the disappearance of the presumed second Photian schism. For many people this conclusion takes the concrete form: Photius died in communion with the Holy See. Is the conclusion justified? To respond we must avoid hasty conclusions, and distinguish between the position in the eyes of the law and the conduct or personal conscience of the deposed patriarch.
We cannot pass over in silence the fact that the Council of 869 was omitted from official lists of ecumenical councils, even in the West, until the second half of the eleventh century. Dvornik has established this with great erudition, and concludes that this silence is equivalent to the annulment of the Council. But we claim that it is more reasonable to suppose that since the Council concerned itself only with a personal issue and not with any question of dogma there was no great reason for emphasizing its importance at the time, and that also it seemed diplomatic in the West to remain silent after the Photian affair was settled in 899.
If it is a question of the position of Photius in the eyes of the law, all that we can say is that Photius died in communion with the Church of Byzantium. If this was in communion with Rome at the time, the former patriarch died in communion with Rome; if it was in schism, he died in schism. We are faced with two uncertainties here—the date of Photius's death and the situation of the two Churches from the time of Formosus until the reunion council held under John IX in 899. We cannot give a reply to the main question until we can answer these two.
In regard to the personal attitude and the conscience of the ex-patriarch we are on even more difficult ground. Photius composed his two principal works against the doctrine of the Filioque after his re-establishment as patriarch under John VIII, his letter to the Archbishop of Aquilea and his Mystagoge. He was not manifesting a desire for reconciliation, and he even avoids the expression through the Son, used by the Second Council of Nicaea and current among the Greek Fathers. Would this latter have embarrassed him just as later it was to embarrass the adversaries of Johannes Beccos?
What of the genuine attitude of Photius towards the Roman Church? It is argued that he had different attitudes, and many of them, not so much against the Roman Church as against those who headed it. He spurned St. Nicholas I, he admired John VIII and Adrian III; the one had eyed him with disfavor, the other two with forgiveness. He measured the merit of those who occupied the Apostolic See by their treatment of himself. With this in mind we conclude that the question: "Did Photius die a Catholic?" is a strange one. We are even more fully convinced that in seeking a patron for works of Unity, we should not pause to consider the possibility of choosing Photius, as some others would suggest (19).
(19) Fr. Dvornik, "Photius, père du schisme ou apôtre de l’union" in Vie intellectuelle, Dec. 1945, pp. 16-28.
Friday, March 18, 2011
Heretical and schismatic false martyrs (Fr. René Hedde, O.P.)
This is a very rough translation of a section of the article "Martyre" by Fr. René Hedde, O.P. in the 1928 Dictionnaire de théologie catholique 10.1:233.
9. Heretical and schismatic false martyrs (c. XX). – We can distinguish two cases, one in which the heretic dies to defend his heresy, or one in which he dies for a doctrine common with the true faith.
The second case is more interesting, but even then the patient will not be considered a martyr, for, says Benedict XIV, though he died for the truth, he did not die for the truth given by faith, since he has no faith. At the same time he admitted in a heretic who denies a point of faith, a supernatural habitus, but informed by faith; this view is widely rejected by theologians. He who has no faith, cannot die for the faith. Benedict XIV then speaks of the heretic invincibiliter, that is to say, of he who is in his error "in good faith" and if he dies for a true point [article] of faith, can he regarded as a martyr? Benedict XIV responds with an important distinction: he will be coram Deo, but not coram Ecclesia. He will be coram Deo, provided he is habitually disposed to believe anything that would be proposed by the legitimate authority, because he is not culpable according to the word of St. John: "Si non venissem et locutus fuissem eis, peccatum non haberent," XV, 22; he would not be a martyr coram Ecclesia, which judges from the outside, and which, noting his external heresy, is reduced to speculate his internal heresy. We see how this distinction proposed by the eminent canon lawyer can give satisfaction to the most difficult [questions]. But once it is admissible to recognize as a martyr coram Deo the heretic invincibiliter who dies to defend a doctrine common with Catholic truth, does she not need to recognize him even if he dies with the same sincerity to defend an erroneous assertion that he believes belong to the Christian Credo? We see from these examples how the concept of martyrdom that, at first sight, seems very clear and sharply defined, in reality poses many questions that are difficult to answer with certainty.
9. Heretical and schismatic false martyrs (c. XX). – We can distinguish two cases, one in which the heretic dies to defend his heresy, or one in which he dies for a doctrine common with the true faith.
The second case is more interesting, but even then the patient will not be considered a martyr, for, says Benedict XIV, though he died for the truth, he did not die for the truth given by faith, since he has no faith. At the same time he admitted in a heretic who denies a point of faith, a supernatural habitus, but informed by faith; this view is widely rejected by theologians. He who has no faith, cannot die for the faith. Benedict XIV then speaks of the heretic invincibiliter, that is to say, of he who is in his error "in good faith" and if he dies for a true point [article] of faith, can he regarded as a martyr? Benedict XIV responds with an important distinction: he will be coram Deo, but not coram Ecclesia. He will be coram Deo, provided he is habitually disposed to believe anything that would be proposed by the legitimate authority, because he is not culpable according to the word of St. John: "Si non venissem et locutus fuissem eis, peccatum non haberent," XV, 22; he would not be a martyr coram Ecclesia, which judges from the outside, and which, noting his external heresy, is reduced to speculate his internal heresy. We see how this distinction proposed by the eminent canon lawyer can give satisfaction to the most difficult [questions]. But once it is admissible to recognize as a martyr coram Deo the heretic invincibiliter who dies to defend a doctrine common with Catholic truth, does she not need to recognize him even if he dies with the same sincerity to defend an erroneous assertion that he believes belong to the Christian Credo? We see from these examples how the concept of martyrdom that, at first sight, seems very clear and sharply defined, in reality poses many questions that are difficult to answer with certainty.
Wednesday, March 16, 2011
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints (Bollandists)
I hope everyone's Lent is going well! Pray for me, a sinner.
Click here for an incomplete catalog of freely downloadable volumes of the Acta Sanctorum of the Bollandists.
Regarding the Holy Fathers of the Kiev Caves (cf. 10:XI:209 [245]) and their loyalty to Rome, and concerning Catholic veneration of post-schism Orthodox saints, see the Bollandists' learned comments in the following volumes (from authors like Frs. Ivan Martynov and Daniel Papebroch of pious memory, etc; the format is Month, Tome, Page, PDF file page # from Documenta Catholica Omnia):
*10:X:863-883 (891-911)
*10:XI:i-vii (30-37), 27 (63)
Eastern Catholics celebrate "the Synaxis of the Venerable Fathers of the Monastery of the Caves" on August 28 and/or September 28.
See also the venerable Fr. John Stilting, S.J.'s "Dissertation on the Conversion and Faith of the Russians," which talks about which Metropolitans of Kiev were Catholic and which ones were Orthodox: Acta Sanctorum 9:II:i-xxvii (25-51). Fr. Stilting, in the same volume, talks about Sts. Boris and Gleb on pp. 633-639 (741-747), and annotates their "Acts" on pp. 639-644 (747-752).
The Bollandists explicitly list the following as "Saints" (I'll include more after I get my homework done) in the columns next to their biographical entries, or as saints/blessed in their biographical entries themselves, in Acta Sanctorum, October, t. XI:
11th century
*St. Abraham of Rostov (October 29) [†1073]: 10:XI:265 (301); 10:XIII:36-51 (104-119), 926-927 (994-995)
*St. Agapetus of the Kiev Near Caves (June 1) [†1095]: 6:I:135 (221); 10:XI:144 (180)
*St. Anthony of the Kiev Far Caves (July 10) [983-1073]: 7:III:3 (53); 10:XI:174 (210)
*Sts. Damian [†1071], Jeremiah [†1070], and Matthew the Clairvoyant [†1085] of the Kiev Caves (October 5): 10:XI:242 (278)
*St. Eustratius the Martyr of the Kiev Near Caves (March 28) [†1096]: 10:XI:99 (135)
WRH: Not under AASS March 28 in 3:III:709-711D (759-761) from the year 1668.
*Bishop St. Isaiah the Wonderworker of Rostov (May 15) [†1090]: 10:XI:129 (165)
WRH: St. Isaiah not under AASS for May 15 from the year 1680 in 5:III:438-441 (532-535).
*Bishop St. Leontius the Wonderworker of Rostov (May 23) [†1073]: 10:XI:137-138 (173-174)
WRH: Not under AASS May 23: 5:V:233-235 (475-477) from year 1685.
*Abbot St. Nikon of the Kiev Far Caves (March 23) [†1088]: 10:XI:96 (132)
WRH: Not under AASS March 23 in 3:III:440-442 (490-492) from the year 1668.
*St. Parasceva Petca the New of Tarnovo (October 14) [†11th. c.]: 10:VI:62(90),66(94),68(96); 10:XI:246-247 (282-283)
WRH:
*Philothea of Tarnovo (December 7) [†1060], "whose relics are in Arges, Romania": 10:XI:301-302 (337-338)
*St. Stephen, abbot of the Kiev Caves and Bishop of Vladimir in Volhynia (April 27) [†4/27/1094]: 10:X:875A (893), 880B (908), 883A (911); 10:XI:116 (152)
WRH: Not under AASS April 27 in 4:III:473C-475F (511-513) from the year 1675, and not listed as saint (with †) in 10:X:956 (984) from year 1861.
*Sts. Theodore and Basil the Martyrs of the Kiev Near Caves (August 11) [†1098]: 8:II:607C (635); 10:XI:198 (234)
*St. Theodosius of the Kiev Far Caves (May 3) [†1074]: 5:I:360 (486); 10:XI:121-122 (157-158), 200-201 (236-237)
WRH: On the loyalty of St. Theodosius of the Kiev Far Caves to the Apostolic See, consult 10:X:880E (908), from the year 1861. Fr. Mauricio Gordillo, S.J. of happy memory says in the 1938 DTC 14.1:218: St. Theodosius Pechersky did not write against the Latins because he "remained faithful to Iziaslav when he displayed his Catholic faith by sending his son Yaropolk to implore the aid of Pope Gregory VII in Rome and put Russia under the protection of Saint Peter."
12th century
*St. Anastasius the Monk-Martyr of the Kiev Near Caves (January 22) [†late 12th century]: 10:XI:50 (86)
WRH: Not under AASS for January 22, from the year 1643: 1:II:388-389 (418-419).
*Anthony the Roman of Novgorod (August 3) [1067-1147]: 10:XI:46 (82), 193 (229)
WRH: Abbot Anthony, whom Orthodox hagiographers portray as fleeing persecutions of Roman Catholics, is not under AASS August 3 in 8:I:196-198 (498-500) from the year 1733.
*St. Arethas of the Recluse of the Kiev Near Caves (October 24) [†1190]: 10:X:xi (13), 863-877 (891-905); 10:XI:259-260 (295-296)
*King David III of Georgia (January 26) [1089-1125]: 10:XI:53-54 (89-90)
WRH: Not under AASS January 26 in 1:II:690-691 (720-731) from the year 1643.
*Dionysius of Kiev (June 26) [†1182]: 6:V:246-247 (462-463)
*St. Erasmus of the Kiev Near Caves (February 24) [†1160]: 10:X:866D (894), 874D (902); 10:XI:79-80 (115-116)
WRH: Not under AASS February 24 in 2:III:428-430F (466-468) from the year 1658, and not listed as saint (with †) in 10:X:933 (961) from year 1861.
*St. Euphrosyne of Polotsk (May 23) [†1173]: 5:V:234 (476); 10:XI:138 (174), 244 (280)
*Bishop Hilarion of Meglin, Bulgaria (October 21) [†1164]: 10:IX:405-408 (447-450); 10:XI:253-257 (289-293)
*St. John the Long-Suffering of the Kiev Near Caves (July 18) [†1160]: 7:IV:346F-347A (530-531); 10:XI:181 (217)
*Archbishop John of Novgorod (September 7) [†1186]: 10:XI:219 (255)
WRH: Not under AASS September 7 in 9:III:1-5E (73-77) from the year 1750.
*St. Nestor the Chronicler of the Kiev Near Caves (October 27) [1050-1114]: 10:XI:261-262 (297-298)
WRH: In AASS October 27 in 10:XII:181 (215) from the year 1867.
*St. Nicetas the Stylite, Wonderworker of Pereyaslavl (May 24) [†1186]: 10:XI:139 (175)
WRH: Not under AASS May 24: 5:V:269-272 (511-514) from year 1685, and not listed as saint (with †) in 10:X:948 (976) from year 1861.
*St. Pimen the Much-Ailing of the Kiev Near Caves [†1139]: 10:XI:195 (231)
WRH: Not under AASS August 7 in 8:II:180C-184E (208-212) from the year 1733.
*St. Prochorus of the Kiev Near Caves (February 10) [†1103]: 10:XI:67 (103)
WRH: Not under AASS February 10 in 2:II:377-379F (415-417) from the year 1658.
*Sts. Spyridon and Nicodemus the Prosphora-Bakers of the Kiev Near Caves (October 31) [†1148]: 10:X:864 (892), 874 (902); 10:XI:267 (303)
WRH: Not under AASS October 31 in 10:XIII:683-687 (751-755) from the year 1883.
*Stephen Nemanya of Serbia, a.k.a. Simeon the Myrrh-Gusher of Mt. Athos (February 13) [†1200]: 10:XI:71-73 (107-109)
WRH: Not under AASS February 13 in 2:II:642-644 (680-682) from the year 1658.
*St. Titus the Presbyter of the Kiev Near Caves (February 27) [†1190]: 10:XI:81 (117)
WRH: St. Titus is not under AASS February 27 from year 1658: 2:III:671-673E (709-711).
13th century
*Abbess St. Parasceva of Polotsk (October 28) [†1239]: 10:XI:262-264 (298-300), 277 (313); 10:XII:420 (454)
WRH: In 1273 Bl. Pope Gregory X of Rome (1271-1276) canonized St. Parasceva of Polotsk, who reposed in Rome in 1239.
*Peter (David) and Febronia (Euphrosyne), Wonderworkers of Murom (June 25) [†1228]: 10:XI:158-159 (194-195)
WRH: In AASS June 25 in 6:V:2E (218), 111 (327) from the year 1709.
*Archbishop St. Saba I of Serbia (January 14) [1169-1234]: 1:I:979-983 (1063-1067); 10:XI:39 (75), 42-44 (78-80)
*Bishop Simon of Vladimir and Suzdal (May 10) [†1226]: 10:X:956 (984); 10:XI:125 (161)
WRH: Not under AASS May 10 in 5:II:490C-494E (536-540) from the year 1680.
14th century
*Metropolitan Alexis of Kiev and Moscow (February 12) [r. 1354-1378; omitted from Russian Catholic calendar in 1940]: 2:II:639-641 (677-679); 10:XI:70-71 (106-107)
*Sts. Anthony, John, and Eustace of Vilnius (April 14) [†1342]: 4:II:265 et seq. (?); 10:XI:109 (145), 310 (346)
*Bishop James of Rostov (November 27) [†1392]: 10:XI:290 (326)
*John the New of Suceava (June 2) [†1330]: 6:I:263-264 (349-350); 10:XI:145 (181)
WRH: Gregory Tsamblak (Metropolitan of Kiev 1414-1420), who attended the 16th Ecumenical Council (Constance 1414-1418) and was Catholic according to AASS 9:II:xxii:E, §94 (47), described the martyrdom of John.
*Peter of Korish, a mid-14th century hermit of Serbia (November 25): 10:XI:289 (325)
*Metropolitan Peter of Kiev (December 21) [r. 1308-1326; omitted from Russian Catholic calendar in 1940]: 10:XI:313-314 (349-350)
*St. Sergius the Wonderworker of Radonezh (September 25) [1314-1392]: 9:VII:3-4 (39-40); 10:XI:234-235 (268-269)
*St. Stephen the Enlightener of Perm (April 26) [1340-1396]: 10:XI:115 (151)
WRH: Cf. the brief notice in AASS April 26 in 4:III:408C (446) from the year 1675.
15th century
*Andrew the New Martyr of Chios (May 29) [†1465]: 5:VII:184-188 (294-298); 10:XI:143 (179)
WRH:
*Abbot Dionysius of Glushitsa, Vologda (June 1) [†1437]: 6:I:135 (221)
WRH: Not listed as saint in 10:XI:145 (181) from the year 1864.
*Monk Joannicius of Devich (November 4) [†1430]: 10:XI:270 (306)
*Metropolitan Macarius the Hieromartyr of Kiev (May 1) [r. 1495-1497]: 10:XI:118-119 (154-155)
WRH: Not under AASS May 1 from the year 1680.
16th Century
*Despotina (Princess) Angelina Brancovich of Serbia (July 30) [†7/30/1520]: 10:XI:226 (190)
WRH: Not under AASS July 30 in 7:VII:127-130D (159-162) from the year 1731.
17th century
*Luarsab II of Georgia (June 21) [†1622]: 10:XI:157 (193)
WRH: Not under AASS June 21 in 6:IV:64-66 (98-100) from year 1707.
*Nestor the Silent (April 26) [?]: 4:III:424 (462)
The Bollandists mention St. Michael of Chernigov in 10:XI:71 (107), 85 (121). In 9:VI:105E (from the year 1757) they say: "Michael, princeps Zernichoviensis, aut Czernioviensis, et Theodorus ejus famulus memorantur hodie in Ephemeridibus Moscorum figuratis. At non conflat nobis, Catholici ne fuerint an schismatici. Non coli tamen apud Catholicos, habemus ex notitiis Polonicis." See also 5:I:xxxxiv (60), from the year 1680.
Click here for an incomplete catalog of freely downloadable volumes of the Acta Sanctorum of the Bollandists.
Regarding the Holy Fathers of the Kiev Caves (cf. 10:XI:209 [245]) and their loyalty to Rome, and concerning Catholic veneration of post-schism Orthodox saints, see the Bollandists' learned comments in the following volumes (from authors like Frs. Ivan Martynov and Daniel Papebroch of pious memory, etc; the format is Month, Tome, Page, PDF file page # from Documenta Catholica Omnia):
*10:X:863-883 (891-911)
*10:XI:i-vii (30-37), 27 (63)
Eastern Catholics celebrate "the Synaxis of the Venerable Fathers of the Monastery of the Caves" on August 28 and/or September 28.
See also the venerable Fr. John Stilting, S.J.'s "Dissertation on the Conversion and Faith of the Russians," which talks about which Metropolitans of Kiev were Catholic and which ones were Orthodox: Acta Sanctorum 9:II:i-xxvii (25-51). Fr. Stilting, in the same volume, talks about Sts. Boris and Gleb on pp. 633-639 (741-747), and annotates their "Acts" on pp. 639-644 (747-752).
The Bollandists explicitly list the following as "Saints" (I'll include more after I get my homework done) in the columns next to their biographical entries, or as saints/blessed in their biographical entries themselves, in Acta Sanctorum, October, t. XI:
11th century
*St. Abraham of Rostov (October 29) [†1073]: 10:XI:265 (301); 10:XIII:36-51 (104-119), 926-927 (994-995)
*St. Agapetus of the Kiev Near Caves (June 1) [†1095]: 6:I:135 (221); 10:XI:144 (180)
*St. Anthony of the Kiev Far Caves (July 10) [983-1073]: 7:III:3 (53); 10:XI:174 (210)
*Sts. Damian [†1071], Jeremiah [†1070], and Matthew the Clairvoyant [†1085] of the Kiev Caves (October 5): 10:XI:242 (278)
*St. Eustratius the Martyr of the Kiev Near Caves (March 28) [†1096]: 10:XI:99 (135)
WRH: Not under AASS March 28 in 3:III:709-711D (759-761) from the year 1668.
*Bishop St. Isaiah the Wonderworker of Rostov (May 15) [†1090]: 10:XI:129 (165)
WRH: St. Isaiah not under AASS for May 15 from the year 1680 in 5:III:438-441 (532-535).
*Bishop St. Leontius the Wonderworker of Rostov (May 23) [†1073]: 10:XI:137-138 (173-174)
WRH: Not under AASS May 23: 5:V:233-235 (475-477) from year 1685.
*Abbot St. Nikon of the Kiev Far Caves (March 23) [†1088]: 10:XI:96 (132)
WRH: Not under AASS March 23 in 3:III:440-442 (490-492) from the year 1668.
*St. Parasceva Petca the New of Tarnovo (October 14) [†11th. c.]: 10:VI:62(90),66(94),68(96); 10:XI:246-247 (282-283)
WRH:
*Philothea of Tarnovo (December 7) [†1060], "whose relics are in Arges, Romania": 10:XI:301-302 (337-338)
*St. Stephen, abbot of the Kiev Caves and Bishop of Vladimir in Volhynia (April 27) [†4/27/1094]: 10:X:875A (893), 880B (908), 883A (911); 10:XI:116 (152)
WRH: Not under AASS April 27 in 4:III:473C-475F (511-513) from the year 1675, and not listed as saint (with †) in 10:X:956 (984) from year 1861.
*Sts. Theodore and Basil the Martyrs of the Kiev Near Caves (August 11) [†1098]: 8:II:607C (635); 10:XI:198 (234)
*St. Theodosius of the Kiev Far Caves (May 3) [†1074]: 5:I:360 (486); 10:XI:121-122 (157-158), 200-201 (236-237)
WRH: On the loyalty of St. Theodosius of the Kiev Far Caves to the Apostolic See, consult 10:X:880E (908), from the year 1861. Fr. Mauricio Gordillo, S.J. of happy memory says in the 1938 DTC 14.1:218: St. Theodosius Pechersky did not write against the Latins because he "remained faithful to Iziaslav when he displayed his Catholic faith by sending his son Yaropolk to implore the aid of Pope Gregory VII in Rome and put Russia under the protection of Saint Peter."
12th century
*St. Anastasius the Monk-Martyr of the Kiev Near Caves (January 22) [†late 12th century]: 10:XI:50 (86)
WRH: Not under AASS for January 22, from the year 1643: 1:II:388-389 (418-419).
*Anthony the Roman of Novgorod (August 3) [1067-1147]: 10:XI:46 (82), 193 (229)
WRH: Abbot Anthony, whom Orthodox hagiographers portray as fleeing persecutions of Roman Catholics, is not under AASS August 3 in 8:I:196-198 (498-500) from the year 1733.
*St. Arethas of the Recluse of the Kiev Near Caves (October 24) [†1190]: 10:X:xi (13), 863-877 (891-905); 10:XI:259-260 (295-296)
*King David III of Georgia (January 26) [1089-1125]: 10:XI:53-54 (89-90)
WRH: Not under AASS January 26 in 1:II:690-691 (720-731) from the year 1643.
*Dionysius of Kiev (June 26) [†1182]: 6:V:246-247 (462-463)
*St. Erasmus of the Kiev Near Caves (February 24) [†1160]: 10:X:866D (894), 874D (902); 10:XI:79-80 (115-116)
WRH: Not under AASS February 24 in 2:III:428-430F (466-468) from the year 1658, and not listed as saint (with †) in 10:X:933 (961) from year 1861.
*St. Euphrosyne of Polotsk (May 23) [†1173]: 5:V:234 (476); 10:XI:138 (174), 244 (280)
*Bishop Hilarion of Meglin, Bulgaria (October 21) [†1164]: 10:IX:405-408 (447-450); 10:XI:253-257 (289-293)
*St. John the Long-Suffering of the Kiev Near Caves (July 18) [†1160]: 7:IV:346F-347A (530-531); 10:XI:181 (217)
*Archbishop John of Novgorod (September 7) [†1186]: 10:XI:219 (255)
WRH: Not under AASS September 7 in 9:III:1-5E (73-77) from the year 1750.
*St. Nestor the Chronicler of the Kiev Near Caves (October 27) [1050-1114]: 10:XI:261-262 (297-298)
WRH: In AASS October 27 in 10:XII:181 (215) from the year 1867.
*St. Nicetas the Stylite, Wonderworker of Pereyaslavl (May 24) [†1186]: 10:XI:139 (175)
WRH: Not under AASS May 24: 5:V:269-272 (511-514) from year 1685, and not listed as saint (with †) in 10:X:948 (976) from year 1861.
*St. Pimen the Much-Ailing of the Kiev Near Caves [†1139]: 10:XI:195 (231)
WRH: Not under AASS August 7 in 8:II:180C-184E (208-212) from the year 1733.
*St. Prochorus of the Kiev Near Caves (February 10) [†1103]: 10:XI:67 (103)
WRH: Not under AASS February 10 in 2:II:377-379F (415-417) from the year 1658.
*Sts. Spyridon and Nicodemus the Prosphora-Bakers of the Kiev Near Caves (October 31) [†1148]: 10:X:864 (892), 874 (902); 10:XI:267 (303)
WRH: Not under AASS October 31 in 10:XIII:683-687 (751-755) from the year 1883.
*Stephen Nemanya of Serbia, a.k.a. Simeon the Myrrh-Gusher of Mt. Athos (February 13) [†1200]: 10:XI:71-73 (107-109)
WRH: Not under AASS February 13 in 2:II:642-644 (680-682) from the year 1658.
*St. Titus the Presbyter of the Kiev Near Caves (February 27) [†1190]: 10:XI:81 (117)
WRH: St. Titus is not under AASS February 27 from year 1658: 2:III:671-673E (709-711).
13th century
*Abbess St. Parasceva of Polotsk (October 28) [†1239]: 10:XI:262-264 (298-300), 277 (313); 10:XII:420 (454)
WRH: In 1273 Bl. Pope Gregory X of Rome (1271-1276) canonized St. Parasceva of Polotsk, who reposed in Rome in 1239.
*Peter (David) and Febronia (Euphrosyne), Wonderworkers of Murom (June 25) [†1228]: 10:XI:158-159 (194-195)
WRH: In AASS June 25 in 6:V:2E (218), 111 (327) from the year 1709.
*Archbishop St. Saba I of Serbia (January 14) [1169-1234]: 1:I:979-983 (1063-1067); 10:XI:39 (75), 42-44 (78-80)
*Bishop Simon of Vladimir and Suzdal (May 10) [†1226]: 10:X:956 (984); 10:XI:125 (161)
WRH: Not under AASS May 10 in 5:II:490C-494E (536-540) from the year 1680.
14th century
*Metropolitan Alexis of Kiev and Moscow (February 12) [r. 1354-1378; omitted from Russian Catholic calendar in 1940]: 2:II:639-641 (677-679); 10:XI:70-71 (106-107)
*Sts. Anthony, John, and Eustace of Vilnius (April 14) [†1342]: 4:II:265 et seq. (?); 10:XI:109 (145), 310 (346)
*Bishop James of Rostov (November 27) [†1392]: 10:XI:290 (326)
*John the New of Suceava (June 2) [†1330]: 6:I:263-264 (349-350); 10:XI:145 (181)
WRH: Gregory Tsamblak (Metropolitan of Kiev 1414-1420), who attended the 16th Ecumenical Council (Constance 1414-1418) and was Catholic according to AASS 9:II:xxii:E, §94 (47), described the martyrdom of John.
*Peter of Korish, a mid-14th century hermit of Serbia (November 25): 10:XI:289 (325)
*Metropolitan Peter of Kiev (December 21) [r. 1308-1326; omitted from Russian Catholic calendar in 1940]: 10:XI:313-314 (349-350)
*St. Sergius the Wonderworker of Radonezh (September 25) [1314-1392]: 9:VII:3-4 (39-40); 10:XI:234-235 (268-269)
*St. Stephen the Enlightener of Perm (April 26) [1340-1396]: 10:XI:115 (151)
WRH: Cf. the brief notice in AASS April 26 in 4:III:408C (446) from the year 1675.
15th century
*Andrew the New Martyr of Chios (May 29) [†1465]: 5:VII:184-188 (294-298); 10:XI:143 (179)
WRH:
*Abbot Dionysius of Glushitsa, Vologda (June 1) [†1437]: 6:I:135 (221)
WRH: Not listed as saint in 10:XI:145 (181) from the year 1864.
*Monk Joannicius of Devich (November 4) [†1430]: 10:XI:270 (306)
*Metropolitan Macarius the Hieromartyr of Kiev (May 1) [r. 1495-1497]: 10:XI:118-119 (154-155)
WRH: Not under AASS May 1 from the year 1680.
16th Century
*Despotina (Princess) Angelina Brancovich of Serbia (July 30) [†7/30/1520]: 10:XI:226 (190)
WRH: Not under AASS July 30 in 7:VII:127-130D (159-162) from the year 1731.
17th century
*Luarsab II of Georgia (June 21) [†1622]: 10:XI:157 (193)
WRH: Not under AASS June 21 in 6:IV:64-66 (98-100) from year 1707.
*Nestor the Silent (April 26) [?]: 4:III:424 (462)
The Bollandists mention St. Michael of Chernigov in 10:XI:71 (107), 85 (121). In 9:VI:105E (from the year 1757) they say: "Michael, princeps Zernichoviensis, aut Czernioviensis, et Theodorus ejus famulus memorantur hodie in Ephemeridibus Moscorum figuratis. At non conflat nobis, Catholici ne fuerint an schismatici. Non coli tamen apud Catholicos, habemus ex notitiis Polonicis." See also 5:I:xxxxiv (60), from the year 1680.
Friday, March 11, 2011
ByzCath.org Forums
O infinitely merciful Lord, promptly take into your Heavenly Kingdom the souls of all the recently departed, including the victims of the earthquakes in China and Japan, and the victims of the terrorist car bomb attack in Faisalabad, Pakistan. We pray, O Lord our God, that they died within the bosom and the unity of the Catholic Church. Sts. Mary, Joseph, Raphael, and Pionius the Hieromartyr, pray to God for us.
Dear readers, please pray for me, and please join me in praying for the members of the ByzCath.org forums. These forums are one place in which I am trying to find out the answer to the following question: "What led the saintly Josyf Slipyj to the requisite (for liturgical veneration) moral certainty that Palamas--who died in 1359 and is not recorded as becoming Catholic in 1355 when Pope Innocent VI of Rome (1352-1362) sent Paul of Smyrna (Titular Latin Patriarch of Constantinople 1366-1370) to the Palamas-Gregoras debate--did not die before accepting the truth of the dogma of Filioque?"
I have trouble not characterizing the responses I have gotten (in addition to other posts) from people identifying as Catholics (and Orthodox in communion with Rome) as follows. These scandalous propositions are either explicit statements from forum members or the direct logical result of their statements:
1. The teachings on "no salvation outside the Church" in Denzinger are not dogmatic; they are outdated and have been corrected and replaced with a different teaching by Vatican II.
2. How dare you correct "Catholics" who say that (1) despite real, objective dogmatic differences, the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church subsists in both the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church; or both Churches are parts of the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Churches; and (2) Catholicism and Orthodoxy are equally certain paths to salvation.
3. I'm an Eastern Catholic, but Filioque is not a dogma, I don't believe Filioque is true.
4. Someone who dies in the state of willful and knowing "obstinate denial or obstinate doubt after the reception of Baptism of some truth which is to be believed by divine and Catholic faith" and willful and knowing "refusal of submission to the Supreme Pontiff or of communion with the members of the Church subject to him" (CIC 751) can be saved.
5. St. Gregory Palamas never attacked the dogmas of the Catholic Church.
6.
7.
Remember CCEO 905: "In fulfilling ecumenical work especially through open and frank dialogue and common undertakings with other Christians, due prudence has to be kept avoiding the dangers of false irenicism, indifferentism and immoderate zeal."
I hope that, in combating false irenicism and indifferentism, I am not guilty of immoderate zeal.
Dear readers, please pray for me, and please join me in praying for the members of the ByzCath.org forums. These forums are one place in which I am trying to find out the answer to the following question: "What led the saintly Josyf Slipyj to the requisite (for liturgical veneration) moral certainty that Palamas--who died in 1359 and is not recorded as becoming Catholic in 1355 when Pope Innocent VI of Rome (1352-1362) sent Paul of Smyrna (Titular Latin Patriarch of Constantinople 1366-1370) to the Palamas-Gregoras debate--did not die before accepting the truth of the dogma of Filioque?"
I have trouble not characterizing the responses I have gotten (in addition to other posts) from people identifying as Catholics (and Orthodox in communion with Rome) as follows. These scandalous propositions are either explicit statements from forum members or the direct logical result of their statements:
1. The teachings on "no salvation outside the Church" in Denzinger are not dogmatic; they are outdated and have been corrected and replaced with a different teaching by Vatican II.
2. How dare you correct "Catholics" who say that (1) despite real, objective dogmatic differences, the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church subsists in both the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church; or both Churches are parts of the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Churches; and (2) Catholicism and Orthodoxy are equally certain paths to salvation.
3. I'm an Eastern Catholic, but Filioque is not a dogma, I don't believe Filioque is true.
4. Someone who dies in the state of willful and knowing "obstinate denial or obstinate doubt after the reception of Baptism of some truth which is to be believed by divine and Catholic faith" and willful and knowing "refusal of submission to the Supreme Pontiff or of communion with the members of the Church subject to him" (CIC 751) can be saved.
5. St. Gregory Palamas never attacked the dogmas of the Catholic Church.
6.
7.
Remember CCEO 905: "In fulfilling ecumenical work especially through open and frank dialogue and common undertakings with other Christians, due prudence has to be kept avoiding the dangers of false irenicism, indifferentism and immoderate zeal."
I hope that, in combating false irenicism and indifferentism, I am not guilty of immoderate zeal.
Monday, February 28, 2011
Metropolitans of Kiev
Mirror link
Which Metropolitans of Kiev were Catholic and which ones were Orthodox?
We consult, among other sources, the venerable Bollandist Fr. John Stilting, S.J.'s "Dissertation on the Conversion and Faith of the Russians" in Acta Sanctorum 9:II:i-xxvii (PDF file pages 25-51). Page numbers in parentheses indicate the page of the downloaded PDF document.
St. Michael I of Kiev (988-992): Catholic
-see Bollandists 10:XI:237 (October, tome XI, page 237)
-Blazejowskyj 63: does not give definite dates; doubtful of Michael's existence
-Pope was John XV (XVI) of Rome (985-996)
-Patriarch of Constantinople was the Catholic St. Nicholas II Chrysoberges (984-996) [AASS 8:I:120F-121D (146-147); 10:XI:310 (346); Siméon Vailhé in 1907 DTC 3.2:1359]
Leontius of Kiev (992–1008): Catholic
-Fr. Mauricio Gordillo, S.J. in the 1938 DTC 14.1:217: the letter denouncing unleavened bread is not by Leontius of Kiev, but by a metropolitan in Bulgaria after the time of the anti-Catholic bishops Leo of Ochrid and Michael Cerularius
-Mgr. Pelesz I:188, §29 (200):
-Blazejowskyj 64-65: does not give definite dates;
-Popes were John XV (XVI) (985-996), Gregory V (996-999), Sylvester II (999-1003), John XVII (XVIII) (1003), and John XVIII (XIX) of Rome (1003-1009)
-Antipope was John Philagathus of Piacenza ("John XVI (XVII)" 997-998; †1013)
-Patriarchs of Constantinople were Catholic Sisinnius II (996-998) [Siméon Vailhé in 1907 DTC 3.2:1359] and Sergius II (1001-1019)
John I of Kiev (1019–1035): Catholic
-
-Blazejowskyj 65: 1008-1017;
-Popes were Benedict VIII (1012-1024), John XIX (1024-1032) and Benedict IX of Rome (1032-1045)
-Patriarchs of Constantinople were Sergius II (1001-1019), Eustathius (1019-1025), and Alexius I the Studite (1025-1043)
Theopemptus of Kiev (1035–1049): Catholic
-
-Blazejowskyj 65-66: 1037-1039;
-Popes were Benedict IX (1032-1045), Gregory VI of Rome (1045-1046; †1048), Clement II (1046-1047), Damasus II (1048), and St. Leo IX the Wonderworker of Rome (1049-1054)
-Antipopes were John of Sabina ("Sylvester III" 1045; †1063) and the ex-pope Benedict IX (1047-1048)
-Patriarchs of Constantinople were Alexius I the Studite (1025-1043) and the anti-Catholic Michael I Cerularius (1043-1058)
Hilarion of Kiev (1051–1055): Catholic
-
-Fr. Yves Congar, O.P., After Nine Hundred Years, p. 95, n. 7: Metropolitan Hilarion of Kiev "remained in communion with Rome"
-Blazejowskyj 66:
-Popes were St. Leo IX the Wonderworker (1049-1054) and Victor II of Rome (1055-1057)
-Patriarch of Constantinople was anti-Catholic Michael I Cerularius (1043-1058)
Ephraim I of Kiev (1055–1061): Catholic
-Fr. Yves Congar, O.P., After Nine Hundred Years, p. 95, n. 7: Metropolitan Ephraim I of Kiev "remained in communion with Rome"
-Blazejowskyj 77:
-Popes were Victor II (1055-1057), Stephen IX (1057-1058), and Nicholas II of Rome (1058-1061)
-Patriarchs of Constantinople were the anti-Catholic Michael I Cerularius (1043-1058) and the probably anti-Catholic Constantine III Leichoudes (1059-1063) [AASS 8:I:126E-127B (152-153)], of whom Joan Mervyn Hussey says in NCE IV:177: "Leichudes was a distinguished scholar and orator, who had studied and taught rhetoric and civil law. He was also a wise administrator and churchman, a man of marked integrity who won the respect of his contemporaries"
George of Kiev (1062–1073): Catholic
-Fr. Yves Congar, O.P., After Nine Hundred Years, p. 95, n. 7: Metropolitan George of Kiev "remained in communion with Rome"
-Fr. Gordillo in the 1938 DTC 14.1:218: the anti-Catholic letter said to be a 1072 work of Metropolitan George of Kiev is probably a 12th century work
-Blazejowskyj 77:
-Pope was Alexander II of Rome (1061-1073)
-Patriarchs of Constantinople were Constantine III Leichoudes (1059-1063) and the anti-Catholic John VIII Xiphilinus (1064-1075) [AASS 8:I:127C-128D (153-154)], who frustrated an attempted reunion of the Churches in 1072 under Pope Alexander II of Rome (1061-1073) and Byzantine Emperor Michael VII Ducas (1071-1078; †1090) [Fr. Jugie I:402]
John II of Kiev (1080-1089): Orthodox
-
-
-
-but Fr. Yves Congar, O.P., After Nine Hundred Years, p. 95, n. 7 says: Metropolitan John II of Kiev "remained in communion with Rome"
-Blazejowskyj 78:
-Popes were St. Gregory VII (1073-1085), Bl. Victor III (1086-1087), and Bl. Urban II of Rome (1088-1089)
-Antipope was Guibert of Ravenna a.k.a. Clement III (1080-1100)
-Patriarchs of Constantinople were Cosmas I (1075-1081) [AASS 8:I:128D-129E (154-155)], Eustratius Garidas (1081-1084) [AASS 8:I:129E-130B (155-156)], and the anti-Catholic Nicholas III Grammaticus (1084-1111) [AASS 8:I:130E-131C (156-157)]
Nicholas I of Kiev (1097–1101): Catholic
-
-Fr. Yves Congar, O.P., After Nine Hundred Years, p. 95, n. 7: Metropolitan Nicholas I of Kiev "remained in communion with Rome"
-Blazejowskyj 79:
-Popes were Bl. Urban II (1088-1099) and Paschal II of Rome (1099-1118)
-Antipopes were Guibert of Ravenna ("Clement III" 1080-1100) and Theodoric (1100)
-Patriarch of Constantinople was anti-Catholic Nicholas III Grammaticus (1084-1111) [AASS 8:I:130E-131C (156-157)]
Nicephorus I of Kiev (1104-1121): Orthodox
-anti-Catholic according to Avvakumov 100:31, nn. 112-113: Letter to Prince Vladimir II Monomakh (1053-1125; Prince of Pereyaslav 1094-1113; Ruler of Grand Rus 1113-1125) on the Latin Faith [Ponyrko, Epistoljarnoe nasledie 71-73; on date of this letter see ibid. 60]; Letter to Prince Sviatopolk II Iziaslavich (r. 1093-1113) on the Latin Faith (Napisanie na Latinu ko knjazju) [Ponyrko, Epistoljarnoe nasledie 73-79; on date of this letter see ibid. 63-64]
-he was in communion with Patriarch Nicholas III Grammaticus of Constantinople (1084-1111), who was anti-Catholic according to Encyclopedia Britannica Online and Fr. Venance Grumel, A.A. of happy memory; the latter said he wrote against Filioque, azymes, and papal primacy to Patriarch Symeon II of Jerusalem in 1089 [Echos d'Orient 38 (1939) 104–17]; Jean Darrouzès says these letters are fake [REB 23 (1965) 43–51; REB 28 (1970) 221–37]
-Mgr. Pelesz I:290-293 (302-305):
-Blazejowskyj 79-80:
-Popes were Paschal II (1099-1118), Gelasius II (1118-1119), and Callistus II of Rome (1119-1124)
-Antipopes were Burdin ("Gregory VIII" 1118) and Maginulf ("Sylvester IV" 1105-1111)
Nicetas of Kiev (1122-1126): uncertain
-Bollandists 9:II:xviii:EF, §73 (42): he was in communion with the Patriarch of Constantinople, but it is uncertain if Nicetas was Catholic or schismatic
-Mgr. Pelesz I:293 (305):
-Blazejowskyj 80:
-Popes were Callistus II (1119-1124) and Honorius II of Rome (1124-1130)
-Patriarch was John IX Agapetus of Constantinople (1111-1134) [AASS 8:I:131D-132B (157-158)]
Michael II of Kiev (1130-1145): uncertain
-Bollandists 9:II:xviii::EF, §73: he was in communion with the Patriarch of Constantinople, but it is uncertain if Michael II was Catholic or schismatic
-Mgr. Pelesz I:294-295 (306-307) is not clear on whether Michael II was Catholic or Orthodox
-Blazejowskyj 80:
-Popes were Innocent II (1130-1143), Celestine II (1143-1144), Lucius II (1144-1145), and Bl. Eugene III of Rome (1145-1153).
-Antipopes were Pietro Pierleoni ("Anacletus II" 1130-1138) and Gregorio Conti ("Victor IV" 1138; †1139)
-Patriarchs were John IX Agapetus of Constantinople (1111-1134) [AASS 8:I:131D-132B (157-158)], Leo Styppeiotes of Constantinople (1134-1143) [AASS 8:I:132B-133B (158-159)], and Michael II Kourkouas of Constantinople (1143-1146) [AASS 8:I:133C-E (159)]
Clement Smoliatich of Kiev (1147-1154): Catholic
-Fr. John Stilting, S.J.: Bollandists 9:II:xix:A, §74:
-Patriarch Nicholas IV Mouzalon of Constantinople (1147-1151) [AASS 8:I:136B-E (162)] was anti-Catholic (he wrote a treatise against Filioque) and he did not confirm Clement's election
-Mgr. Pelesz I:295-298 (307-310):
-Blazejowskyj 80-81:
-Popes were
-other Patriarchs of Constantinople were Theodotus II (1151-1153) [AASS 8:I:136F-137B (162-163)], Neophytus I (1153), and Constantine IV Chliarenus (1154-1156) [AASS 8:I:139A-C (165)]
Constantine I of Kiev (1156-1159): uncertain
-Bollandists 9:II:xix:A, §75 (43): "de hisce nihil certi invenio"
-Bollandists 10:X:869:A, §20 (897):
-Bollandists 10:XI:147 (183):
-Mgr. Pelesz I:298-299 (310-311):
-Blazejowskyj 81: he is a Russian Orthodox and Ukrainian Orthodox saint because of his opposition to Metropolitan Clement Smoliatich of Kiev
-Pope was Adrian IV of Rome (1154-1159)
-Antipope was Ottavio di Montecelio ("Victor IV" 1159-1164).
-Patriarch was Luke Chrysoberges of Constantinople (1156-1169) [AASS 8:I:139C-140C (165-166)]
Theodore of Kiev (1161-1163): uncertain
-Bollandists 9:II:xix:A, §75 (43): "de hisce nihil certi invenio"
-Mgr. Pelesz I:299-300 (311-312):
-Blazejowskyj 81:
-Pope was Alexander III of Rome (1159-1181)
-Antipope was Octavius ("Victor IV" 1159-1164)
-Patriarch was Luke Chrysoberges of Constantinople (1156-1169) [AASS 8:I:139C-140C (165-166)]
John IV of Kiev (1164-1166): probably Catholic
-Bollandists 9:II:xix:AB, §75 (43): "Joannes probabilius Catholicus", and according to Ignatius Kulczynski, O.S.B.M., he wrote a letter of obedience to Pope Alexander III of Rome at the command of Grand Prince Rostislav I Mstislavich of Kiev (1154, 1159–1167), whom the Eastern Orthodox commemorate on March 14 (see his OCA entry)
-Mgr. Pelesz I:300-302 (312-314):
-Blazejowskyj 81:
-Pope was Alexander III of Rome (1159-1181)
-Antipope was Guido of Crema ("Pascal III" 1165-1168)
-Patriarch was Luke Chrysoberges of Constantinople (1156-1169) [AASS 8:I:139C-140C (165-166)]
Constantine II of Kiev (1167-1169):
-Bollandists 10:X:870B, §26 (898):
-Mgr. Pelesz I:302-303 (314-315):
-Blazejowskyj 82:
-Pope was Alexander III of Rome (1159-1181)
-Antipopes were Guido of Crema ("Pascal III" 1165-1168) and Giovanni of Struma ("Callistus III" 1168-1177)
-Patriarch was Luke Chrysoberges of Constantinople (1156-1169) [AASS 8:I:139C-140C (165-166)]
Michael III of Kiev (1171):
-
-Blazejowskyj: not listed in pp. 81-83
-Pope was Alexander III of Rome (1159-1181)
-Antipope was Giovanni of Struma ("Callistus III" 1168-1177)
-Patriarch was anti-Catholic Michael III Anchialus of Constantinople (1170-1177) [AASS 8:I:140C-141F (166-167)], concerning whom F. Chiovaro says in NCE IX:598: "In a synod (1171) Michael made a public response to the legation's offer in a dialogue with the emperor. He violently attacked the pope [Alexander III] as no pastor but a sick member of the fold in need of a cure. He said union with the Turks would be preferable to union with the Latins"
Nicephorus II of Kiev (1182-1198): uncertain
-
-Mgr. Pelesz I:303 (315): a recent source reports that he was loyal to Constantinople, i.e., Orthodox, "while Kulczynski and other Western writers describe him as a prelate devoted to the pope"
-Aurelio Palmieri: Nicephorus II did not accept Pope Clement III's invitation to the Third Crusade (1189–1192)
-Blazejowskyj 82:
-Popes were
-Patriarchs of Constantinople were Theodosius I Boradiotes (1179-1183) [AASS 8:I:142B-F (168)], Basil II Camaterus (1183-1186) [AASS 8:I:142F-143D (168-169)], Nicetas II Mountanes (1186-1189) [AASS 8:I:143D-144A (169-170)], Leo Theoticites (1189-1190) [AASS 8:I:144BC (170)], anti-Latin Dositheus (1190-1191) [AASS 8:I:144C-145A (170-171)] who "offered unconditional absolution to any Greek killing a Westerner" [Dr. Warren Carroll III:132], George XII Xiphilinus (1191-1198) [AASS 8:I:145B-146A (171-172)], and perhaps (started reigning August 5) the anti-Catholic John X Camaterus (1198-1206) [AASS 8:I:146A-147E (172-173)]
Matthew of Kiev (1200-1220): Orthodox
-Bollandists 9:II:xix:C, §76 (43): "Itaque allegatis argumentis certo non evincitur, Matthaeum fuisse Catholicum. Certo dubitare vix possim, quia Graeci paulatim abusus quosdam hisce temporibus in Russiam invexerint, Russorumque animos a Latinis abalienaverint."
-Bollandists 10:X:870D, §27 (898):
-Mgr. Pelesz I:304-310 (316-322):
-Blazejowskyj 83:
-Popes were Innocent III (1198-1216) and Honorius III of Rome (1216-1227)
-anti-Catholic Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were John X Camaterus (1198-1206) [AASS 8:I:146A-147E (172-173)], Michael IV Autoreianus (1207-1213) [AASS 8:I:153E-154B (179-180)], Theodore II Eirenicus (1213-1215) [8:I:154C-155A (180-181)], Maximus II (1215; in exile) [AASS 8:I:155CD (181)], Manuel I Charitopoulus (1216-1222; in exile) [AASS 8:I:155E-156B (181-182)]
-Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople were Thomas Morosini (1204-1211) [AASS 8:I:147F-148F (173-174)] and Gervase (1215-1219) [AASS 8:I:149A-F (175)]
-Mgr. Pelesz I:310-316 (322-328):
-Blazejowskyj 83:
-Popes were Honorius III (1216-1227) and Gregory IX of Rome (1227-1241)
-Greek Patriarch Germanus II of Constantinople (1223-1240) was anti-Catholic [AASS 8:I:156C-158C (182-184)]
-Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople were Matthew (1221–1226) [AASS 8:I:150A-151A (176-177)] and Simon (1227-1233) [AASS 8:I:151A-C (177)]
Cyril II of Kiev (1233-1236):
-
-
-Pope was Gregory IX of Rome (1227-1241)
-Greek Patriarch Germanus II of Constantinople (1223-1240) was anti-Catholic [AASS 8:I:156C-158C (182-184)]
-Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople were Simon (1227-1233) [AASS 8:I:151A-C (177)] and Nicholas de Castro Arquato (1234–1251) [AASS 8:I:151C-F (177)]
Joseph I of Kiev (1237-1240): uncertain
-Fr. John Stilting, S.J.: "Post Cyrillum unum aut duos, quorum fides dubia est, secutus est Josephus, natione Graecus, patria Nicaenus..." [Bollandists 9:II:xx:C, §81 (44)]
-Mgr. Pelesz I:316-317 (328-329) is not clear on whether Joseph I of Kiev was Catholic or Orthodox
-Blazejowskyj 83: the Tartars murdered Joseph in 1240
-Pope was Gregory IX of Rome (1227-1241)
-Greek Patriarch Germanus II of Constantinople (1223-1240) was anti-Catholic [AASS 8:I:156C-158C (182-184)]
-Latin Patriarch of Constantinople was Nicholas de Castro Arquato (1234–1251) [AASS 8:I:151C-F (177)]
Peter Akerovych of Kiev (1241-1246): Catholic
-see Fr. Gordillo in Dictionnaire de théologie catholique, ed. A. Vacant et al. (1938) 14.1:232
-at 13th Ecumenical Council (Lyons I) in 1245
-Mgr. Pelesz I:388 (400):
-Blazejowskyj 83-84:
-Popes were Gregory IX (1227-1241), Celestine IV (1241), and Innocent IV of Rome (1243-1254)
-Greek Patriarch of Constantinople was Manuel II (1244-1255) [AASS 8:I:158F-160F (184-186)]
-Latin Patriarch of Constantinople was Nicholas de Castro Arquato (1234–1251) [AASS 8:I:151C-F (177)]
Cyril III of Kiev (1247-1281): Orthodox
-Bollandists 9:II:xxi:B, §84 (45): "Siricovium ad manum non habeo, sed merito dubio, an hic magis faveat fidei Danielis, qui fortasse numquam sincere conversus est. Certe concilium Kioviense sub Cyrillo III celebratum, quod edidit Kulczynskius in Appendice pag. 36, non favet sincera et stabili Russorum subjectioni, cum in eo ne verbum quidem legatur de Romana Ecclesia."
-Fr. Gordillo in 1938 DTC 14.1:235: Cyril III "left [Galicia] for 'beyond the forests'" to avoid becoming a member of the Catholic court of Daniel I of Galicia (†1264), who was Catholic from 1248-1256; Cyril III was "anti-Latin and unfortunately away from the major movements for religious union that stirred the West"
-Mgr. Pelesz I:317-327 (329-339):
-Blazejowskyj 84-85:
-for info on Alexander Nevsky see Mgr. Pelesz I:247-248 (259-260), 322-324 (334-336)
-Popes were Innocent IV (1243-1254), Alexander IV (1254-1261), Urban IV (1261-1264), Clement IV (1265-1268), Bl. Gregory X (1271-1276), Bl. Innocent V (1276), Adrian V (1276), John XXI (XX) (1276-1277), Nicholas III (1277-1280), and Martin IV of Rome (1281-1285)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were Manuel II (1244-1255), anti-Catholic Arsenius Autoreianus (1255-1259) [AASS 8:I:160F-161F (186-187); Fr. Jugie IV:328], Nicephorus II (1260-1261) [AASS 8:I:161F-162D (187-188)], Arsenius Autoreianus (1261-1267) [AASS 8:I:162D-164A (188-190)], Germanus III (1267; became Catholic in 1274) [AASS 8:I:164A-165E (190-191)], anti-Catholic Joseph I Galesiotes (1267-1275) [AASS 8:I:165E-166C (191-192)], and Catholic John XI Beccus (1275-1282) [AASS 8:I:166C-167F (192-193)]
-Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople were Nicholas de Castro Arquato (1234–1251) [AASS 8:I:151C-F (177)], Pantaleon Giustiani (1253–1278) [AASS 8:I:151F-152E (177-178)], and Girolamo Masci, O.F.M. (1278-1288; later Pope Nicholas IV of Rome 1288-1292)
Maximus of Kiev (Vladimir as of 1299) (1285-1305): Orthodox
-Bollandists 9:II:xxi:BC, §85 (45): "Catholicus hic patriarcha Cyrillum III ad debitam subjectionem perducere potuit, eique successorem dare Catholicum, uti actum aiunt Koialovicius et Kulczynskius, dicentes Maximum anno 1283 Constantinopoli a Vecco in Russiam missum metropolitam. Verum si Maximus a Vecco creatus est metropolita, id factum oportuit ante finem anne 1282, quo Veccus XXVI Decembris sede sua deterbatus est ab Andronico imperatore schisma renovante. Quidquid tamen sit de modica temporis differentia, cum Constantinopoli rursum fuerit patriarcha schismaticus, ubi Maximus ornatus erat dignitate metropolitica, non ausim asserere ipsum mansisse Catholicum, praesertim si, eo mortuo, Russi successorem petierint Constantinopoli, ut scribit Kulczsynskius ad XXI Decembris in Petro metropolita."
-Mgr. Pelesz I:327 (339): "it is clear that Maximus was a supporter of the schism"
-Blazejowskyj 85:
-Popes were Honorius IV (1285-1287), Nicholas IV (1288-1292), St. Celestine V (1294), Boniface VIII (1294-1303), Bl. Benedict XI (1303-1304), and Clement V of Rome (1305-1314)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were anti-Catholic Gregory II Cyprius (1283-1289) [AASS 8:I:168F-169F (194-195)], anti-Catholic Athanasius I (1289-1293) [AASS 8:I:169F-170D (195-196)], and anti-Catholic John XII (1294-1303) [AASS 8:I:170D-172C (196-198)]
Peter of Kiev (Moscow as of 1325) (1308-1326): Catholic, then Orthodox
-omitted from 1940 Russian Catholic Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom
-Andrew Shipman: "Peter, Metropolitan of Kieff, who was then in union with Rome, in 1316 changed his see from that city to the city of Vladimir upon the Kliazma, now about midway between Moscow and Nizhni-Novgorod, for Vladimir was then the capital of Great Russia. In 1322 he again changed it to Moscow."
-Bollandists 9:II:xxi:E, §86 (45): "Haec quidem amicitia cum Latinis et exceptio legatorum Apostolicorum, si de utraque constaret, favorabilem suspicionem ingereret de recta Petri fide; at necdum certam faceret ejus obedientiam."
-Bollandists 9:II:xxi:F, §87 (45): "Praeterea Vladislaus Poloniae rex in litteris ad Joannem XXII, quas edidit Raynaldus in addendis tomi 15, ad annum 1324 [Baronius XXIV (1313-1333):273:43] nuntias mortem duorum ultimorum principum 'Ruthenorum de gente schismatica,' auxilium contra Tartaros implorans. Itaque cum rex ille Russos vocet 'gentem schismaticam,' ejus metropolitam eodem tempore Catholicum fuisse non ausim asserere."
-Mgr. Pelesz I:330-334 (342-346):
-Blazejowskyj 85-86:
-Avignon Popes were Clement V (1305-1314) and John XXII of Rome (1316-1334)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were anti-Catholic John XII (1294-1303), anti-Catholic Athanasius I (1303-1310) [AASS 8:I:172C-173C (198-199)], Nephon I (1310-1314) [AASS 8:I:173C-174C (199-200)], John XIII Glycas (1315-1320) [AASS 8:I:174C-175A (200-201)], Gerasimus I (1320-1321) [AASS 8:I:175A-176B (201-202)], and Isaiah (1323-1334) [AASS 8:I:176B-F (202)]
-
Theognostus of Kiev (1328-1353): Orthodox
Bollandists 9:II:xxi:F, §87 (45): nothing to indicate that Theognostus of Kiev (1328-1353) was Catholic
-Bollandists 10:XI:90 (126):
-Mgr. Pelesz I:334-337 (346-349):
-Fr. Martin Jugie: he was anti-Palamite, according to Nicephorus Gregoras, one of St. Gregory Palamas’s chief adversaries; see Bizantinae Historiae, XXVI.22 [PG 149:96-97]
-Blazejowskyj 86:
-Avignon Popes were John XXII (1316-1334), Benedict XII (1334-1342), Clement VI (1342-1352), and Innocent VI of Rome (1352-1362)
-Patriarchs of Constantinople were Isaiah (1323-1334) [AASS 8:I:176B-F (202)], John XIV Calecas (1334-1347; anti-Palamite) [AASS 8:I:177A-178B (203-204)], Isidore I (1347-1350; Palamite) [AASS 8:I:178B-179A (204-205)], and anti-Catholic Callistus I (1350-1354; Palamite) [AASS 8:I:179B-F (205)]
Alexis of Moscow (1354-1378): Orthodox
-omitted from 1940 Russian Catholic Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom
-Bollandists 9:II:xxi:F, §88-xxii:D, §91 (45-46): Fr. Stilting says that he does not call Alexis a schismatic, but he did not find any proof that Alexis was Catholic
-Fr. Stilting adds that the legitimate Byzantine Emperor John V Palaeologus (1341-1376, 1379-1390, 1390-1391) became Catholic under Bl. Pope Urban V of Rome (1362-1370) in 1369
-Raynaldus [Baronius XXVI(1356-1396):145:10] says that in 1367 Patriarchs Philotheus Coccinus of Constantinople (1364-1376), Niphon of Alexandria (1366-1385), and Lazarus of Jerusalem (1334–1368) [AASS 5:III:lxxi:F-lxxii:D, §279-282 (83-84)] sent letters of submission to Bl. Pope Urban V of Rome (1362-1370), according to the pope's 11/8/1367 letter
-however, Patriarch Philotheus Coccinus of Constantinople was a notorious opponent of reunion efforts and persecutor of Byzantine Catholics [F. Chiovaro in NCE XI:307], and Patriarch Niphon of Alexandria "signed the Tome against" Prochorus Cydones in 1368 [Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria Website]
-the pious men Kulczynski, Fr. Godefrid Henschen, S.J., and Fr. Albert Wijuk Kojałowicz, S.J. all argued that Alexis of Moscow was a Catholic who died in the odor of sanctity
-Bollandists 2:II:639-641 (677-679):
-Bollandists 10:XI:70-71 (106-107):
-Mgr. Pelesz I:348 (360): Alexis of Moscow was anti-Catholic
-Blazejowskyj 87-88:
-Avignon Popes were Innocent VI (1352-1362), Bl. Urban V (1362-1370), and Gregory XI of Rome (1370-1378)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were anti-Catholic Philotheus Coccinus (1354-1355; see NCE XI:307 by F. Chiovaro and AASS 8:I:179F-180C [205-206]), anti-Catholic Callistus I (1355-1363) [AASS 8:I:180C-F (206)], anti-Catholic Philotheus Coccinus (1364-1376) [AASS 8:I:181A-182A (207-208)], and Macarius (1376-1379) [AASS 8:I:182BC (208)]
-
Michael Mityay of Moscow (locum tenens 1378-1379):
-
-Mgr. Pelesz I:348-351 (360-363):
-Blazejowskyj 89:
-Pope was Urban VI of Rome (1378-1389)
-Antipope was Robert of Geneva ("Clement VII" 1378-1394)
-Greek Patriarch was Macarius of Constantinople (1376-1379) [AASS 8:I:182BC (208)]
-Titular Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople were James of Itri (1376-1378), William of Urbino, O.F.M (1379), and Paul of Corinth (1379)
Cyprian of Kiev (1381-1382; 1390-1406): Orthodox
-Bollandists 9:II:xxii:D, §92 (46): "Verum nihil allegat, quo probari posit certo Catholicum fuisse Cyprianum: ideoque rursum cogor tanto magis de fide ejus dubitare, quanto incertior est chronotaxis Kulczynskii, quia patriarcha Constantinopolitani circa id tempus non omnes ague certo fuerunt schismatici."
-Bollandists 10:XI:225 (261): anti-Catholic Patriarch Philotheus of Constantinople ordained Cyprian of Kiev, who was very good friends with St. Stephen the Enlightener of Perm (†1395)
-Mgr. Pelesz I:354-357 (366-369):
-Joseph Lins: St. Hedwig of Poland's (r. 1384-1399) husband King Vladislaus II Jogaila of Poland (r. 1386-1434) became Roman Catholic in 1386, but after 1387 "the Russian portions of Lithuania (Kiev, Tchernigoff, etc.) remained Greek Orthodox"
-Blazejowskyj 88-89:
-Popes were Urban VI (1378-1389) and Boniface IX (1389-1404), and Innocent VII of Rome (1404-1406)
-Antipopes were Robert of Geneva ("Clement VII" 1378-1394), Pedro de Luna ("Benedict XIII" 1394-1417), and Baldassare Cossa ("John XXIII" 1400-1415)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were Nilus Cerameus (1379-1388) [AASS 8:I:182C-F (208)], Anthony IV (1389-1390) [AASS 8:I:182F-183B (208-209)], Macarius (1390-1391), Anthony IV (1391-1397), Callistus II Xanthopoulus (1397) [AASS 8:I:183B-E (209)], and Matthew I (1397-1410) [AASS 8:I:183E-184B (209-210)]
-Titular Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople were Angelo Correr (1390-1405), later Pope Gregory XII of Rome (1406-1415; †1417) and Louis of Mitylene (1406-1408)
Pimen of Moscow (1382-1384):
-
-Mgr. Pelesz I:351-354 (363-366):
-Blazejowskyj 89-90: Pimen of Kiev (1382-1389) was a "contra-metropolitan"
-Pope was Urban VI of Rome (1378-1389)
-Antipope was Robert of Geneva ("Clement VII" 1378-1394)
-Greek Patriarch was Nilus Cerameus of Constantinople (1379-1388)
-
Dionysius I of Kiev (1384-1385):
-
-
-Blazejowskyj 89: Dionysius of Kiev (1384-1385) was a "contra-metropolitan"
-Pope was Urban VI of Rome (1378-1389)
-Antipope was Robert of Geneva ("Clement VII" 1378-1394)
-Greek Patriarch was Nilus Cerameus of Constantinople (1379-1388)
-
Photius of Kiev (1408-1431): Orthodox
-Bollandists 9:II:xxii:E, §92 (46): schismatic according to all authors
-Mgr. Pelesz I:358-360 (370-372):
-Blazejowskyj 90:
-Popes were Gregory XII (1406-1415; †1417) and Martin V of Rome (1417-1431)
-Antipopes were Pedro de Luna ("Benedict XIII" 1394-1417) and Baldassare Cossa ("John XXIII" 1400-1415)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were Matthew I (1397-1410), Euthymius II (1410-1416) [AASS 8:I:184C-F (210)], and the Catholic Joseph II of Constantinople (1416-1439) [AASS 8:I:184F-186E (210-212)]
-
Gregory I Tsamblak of Kiev (1414-1420): Catholic
-
-rival of the schismatic Metropolitan Photius of Kiev (1408-1431)
-Mgr. Pelesz I:361-365 (373-377):
-in 1418 Gregory I Tsamblak submitted to Pope Martin V of Rome (1417-1431) at the 16th Ecumenical Council (Constance 1414-1418) [Fr. Gill ###]
-left Catholic exposition of Our Lord's words "Thou art Peter..." (Mt 16:18) [Fr. Jugie IV:333]
-Blazejowskyj 90-91:
-Popes were Gregory XII (1406-1415; †1417) and Martin V of Rome (1417-1431)
-Greek patriarchs of Constantinople were Euthymius II (1410-1416) and Joseph II (1416-1439), who died a sincere Catholic [AASS 8:I:184F-186E (210-212)]
-Titular Latin Patriarch of Constantinople was Jean de La Rochetaillée (1412-1423; †1437)
Gerasim of Kiev (1433-1435):
-Bollandists 9:II:xxiii:CD, §95 (47): "Verisimile igitur est, Photium non fuisse desertum a schismaticis, sed hosce ei usque ad mortem paruisse; et tunc demum ei a schismaticis suspectum esse Harasimum illum, de quo agit Koialovicius. Jam vero ex hisce intelligitur, metropolitam quidem et Russos, Poloniæ regi aut Lituaniæ duci subditos, majori saltem ex parte Catholicos fuisse; suum tamen etiam caput fuisse schismaticis, qui in Moscovia aliisque locis vicinis superiores videntur mansisse, ut manifestius siet ex periculo sequentis metropolitæ."
-Mgr. Pelesz I:365-366 (377-378):
-Andrew Shipman: "Gerasim (1431-5) was the successor of Photius at Moscow, and had correspondence with Pope Eugene IV as to the reunion of the Eastern and Western Churches"
-Blazejowskyj 91:
-Pope was Eugene IV of Rome (1431-1447)
-Greek Patriarch was Joseph II of Constantinople (1416-1439), who died a sincere Catholic [AASS 8:I:184F-186E (210-212)]
-Titular Latin patriarch of Constantinople was Giovanni Contarini (1424-1438?)
Isidore of Kiev (1436-1458; †1464): Catholic
-became a sincere Catholic in 1439
-Mgr. Pelesz I:366-376 (378-388):
-Fr. Gordillo in the 1938 DTC 14.1:243: the Russian Church's rejection of the Ecumenical Council of Florence was "due exclusively to Prince Basil"
-for "probably purely political" motives [Fr. Joseph Gill, S.J., The Council of Florence 361], Grand Duke Basil II of Moscow (1425-1462) condemned him "for turning the Russian people over to the Latins" and tyrannically and illegally deposed him in 1441 [Andrew Shipman]
-notorious anti-Catholic Mark of Ephesus praised Isidore when he ascended to the Metropolitanate of Kiev: "A man who really is a reflection of Christ, gracious in character and angelic in form; a happy and outstanding blend of simplicity and sagacity with a gift of speech that surpasses the flow of rivers; generous and liberal to such a degree as not to grudge even his own coverings, if occasion demand" (G. Mercati, Scritti d'Isidoro il cardinale Ruteno (=Studi e Testi 46, Rome 1926), p. 155) [qtd. in Fr. Gill, Personalities of the Council of Florence 78 n. 1]
-Blazejowskyj 91-92:
-Popes were Eugene IV (1431-1447), Nicholas V (1447-1455), Callistus III (1455-1458), and Pius II of Rome (1458-1464)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were Catholic Joseph II (1416-1439) [AASS 8:I:184F-186E (210-212)] and Catholic Metrophanes II (1440-1443) [AASS 8:I:189C-190B (215-216)]
Illegitimate: Jonah of Moscow (1448-1461): Orthodox
-Bollandists 10:XI:101: the holy Pope Pius II of Rome (1458-1464) called Jonah of Moscow a "son of perdition"
-Mgr. Pelesz I:376-377 (388-389):
-Blazejowskyj ###:
-Popes were Nicholas V (1447-1455), Callistus III (1455-1458), and Pius II of Rome (1458-1464)
-Antipope was Amadeus of Savoy ("Felix V" 1439-1449; †1451)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were Catholic Gregory III Mammas the Wonderworker (1443-1459) [AASS 8:I:190B-192B (216-218)], anti-Catholic Gennadius II Scholarius (1454-1456; †1472) [AASS 8:I:196B-198D (222-224)], and anti-Catholic Isidore II Xanthopoulus (1456-1462) [AASS 8:I:198D-F (224)]
Gregory II the Bulgarian of Kiev (1458-1472): Catholic
-Jan Krajcar in NCE XII:421: "Gregory remained loyal to Rome until death (1472)"
-Blazejowskyj 179:
-Popes were Pius II (1458-1464), Paul II (1464-1471), and Sixtus IV of Rome (1471-1484)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were anti-Catholic Isidore II Xanthopoulos (1456-1462), Sophronius I Syropoulos (1462-1464), anti-Catholic Gennadius II Scholarius (1464), Joasaph I (1465-1466) [AASS 8:I:199A-E (225)], anti-Catholic Mark II Xylokaraves (1466) [AASS 8:I:199E-200A (225-226)], anti-Catholic Symeon I of Trebizond (1466) [AASS 8:I:200B-E (226)], anti-Catholic Dionysius I (1466-1471) [8:I:200E-201E (226-227)], and Symeon I (1471-1475) [8:I:201EF (227)]
-Titular Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople were Cardinal Isidore of Kiev (1458-1462) and Basilios Cardinal Bessarion (1463–1472)
Michael Drucki of Kiev (1474-1480): Catholic
-Bollandists 9:II:xxiv:E, §102 (48):
-Mgr. Pelesz I:475-477 (487-489):
-Blazejowskyj 179-180:
-Pope was Sixtus IV of Rome (1471-1484)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were anti-Catholic Symeon I (1471-1475), Raphael I (1475-1476) [AASS 8:I:202A-C (228)], and Maximus III Manasses (1476-1481) [AASS 8:I:202D-203F (228-229)]
-Titular Latin Patriarch of Constantinople was Jerome Lando (1474-1496)
Symeon of Kiev (1481-1488): Catholic
-Bollandists 9:II:xxv:D, §105 (49):
-Mgr. Pelesz I:477 (489): "faithful follower" of the Union
-Blazejowskyj 180-181:
-Pope was Innocent VIII of Rome (1484-1492)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were Maximus III Manasses (1476-1481) [AASS 8:I:221A-C (247)], anti-Catholic Symeon I (1482-1486), Nephon II [8:I:218F-219E (244-245)], and Dionysius I (1488-1490) [AASS 8:I:219F-221A (245-247)]
-Titular Latin Patriarch of Constantinople was Jerome Lando (1474-1496)
Jonah Glezna of Kiev (1492-1494): Catholic
-Bollandists 9:II:xxv:D, §105 (49):
-Mgr. Pelesz I:478 (490):
-Aurelio Palmieri in 1912 Catholic Encyclopedia: Jonah Glezna was "friendly to the union"
-Blazejowskyj 181:
-Greek Patriarch of Constantinople was Maximus IV (1491-1497)
-Titular Latin Patriarch of Constantinople was Jerome Lando (1474-1496)
-Pope was Alexander VI of Rome (1492-1503)
St. Macarius the Hieromartyr of Kiev (1495-1497): Catholic
-Bollandists 9:II:xxvi:A, §108 (50):
-Bollandists 10:XI:118-119 (154-155):
-Mgr. Pelesz I:476 (488):
-Mgr. Pelesz I:478-479 (490-491): "weleher als Archimandrit von Wilno das im Jahre 1476 von Misaël an Papst Sixtus IV gerichtete Schreiben unterfertigt hat. Im Jahre 1495 versammelten sich (nach der Kiewer Chronik bei Karamsin VI. N. 403) die Bischöfe: Wassian von Wladimir, Lucas von Polozk, Wassian von Turow, Jonas von Luzk, und ordinirten den Archimandriten Macarius mit dem Beinamen Cort zum Metropoliten, und schickten dann einen gewissen Dionysius und einen Mönch, German, zum Patriarchen um den Segen. Der Patriarch Niphon schickte darauf seinen Gesandten Isaph mit der Confirmationsurkunde, so wie mit Briefen an den litauischen Grossfürsten und an die Bischöfe und die Gläubigen der Kiewer Metropolie. Der Gesandte des Patriarchen verlangte aber von den ruthenischen Bischöfen, dass sie künftig zuerst um den Segen bitten, bevor sie zur Ordination des Metropoliten schreiten, was diese auch zusagten; das jetzige Verfahren aber damit entschuldigten, dass auf dieselbe Weise, d. i. ohne vorherigen Segen des Patriarchen, auch der Metropolit Gregor I Semivlac ordinirt worden war. Daraus sieht man, dass die Kiewer Metropoliten immer um die Bestätigung des Patriarchen ersuchten (Kiew. Chron. Macarius wurde auf einer Reise nach Kiew im Dorfe Skryholovy von den Tataren gefangen und enthauptet."
-Mgr. Pelesz I:572 (584): "Es werden wohl einige Beweise dafür angeführt, allein der Umstand, dass sie das Abhängigkeitsverhältniss von Konstantinopel auch damals nicht aufgegeben haben, wo sie nicht mehr zweifeln konnten, dass die griechischen in Konstantinopel residirenden Patriarchen von der Union abfielen, und die unirten Patriarchen, wie aus dem obangeführten Breve des Papstes Alexander VI an den Wilnaer Bischof Albert hervorgeht, in Rom residirten, dieser Umstand macht die Orthodoxie der Metropoliten Simeon, Jonas I und Macarius I verdächtig. Ja sogar der Metropolit Joseph Soltan, der sich dann entschieden der Union angeschlossen hat, scheint anfangs dem Schisma gehuldigt zu haben, wie aus dem eben erwähnten Breve zu ersehen ist. Joseph Soltan arbeitete eifrig an der Ausbreitung der Union, allein er wurde in seinem Wirken durch die zahlreichen am Hofe der Königin Helena lebenden schismatischen Emissäre gehindert, und als dann sein Nachfolger sich offen für das Schisma erklärte, waren allmälig auch die letzen Spuren der Union verschwunden."
-Aurelio Palmieri in 1912 Catholic Encyclopedia: Macarius was "friendly to the union"
-Blazejowskyj 181:
-Pope was Alexander VI of Rome (1492-1503)
-Greek Patriarch of Constantinople was Maximus IV (1491-1497)
-Titular Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople were Jerome Lando (1474-1496) and Giovanni Michiel (1497–1503)
Joseph II Bolgarynovich of Kiev (1498–1501): Catholic
-Bollandists 9:II:xxvi:AB, §108 (50):
-M. M. Wojnar in NCE XIV:278: "relations with Rome were terminated from the time of Metropolitan of Kiev, Joseph Bolharynovych (1501)"
-Blazejowskyj 181:
-Greek Patriarch of Constantinople was Joachim I (1498-1502) [AASS 8:I:222B-E (248)]
-M. M. Wojnar in NCE XIV:278: "abolished the decree against the Orthodox (1504)"
-Blazejowskyj 182:
Which Metropolitans of Kiev were Catholic and which ones were Orthodox?
We consult, among other sources, the venerable Bollandist Fr. John Stilting, S.J.'s "Dissertation on the Conversion and Faith of the Russians" in Acta Sanctorum 9:II:i-xxvii (PDF file pages 25-51). Page numbers in parentheses indicate the page of the downloaded PDF document.
St. Michael I of Kiev (988-992): Catholic
-see Bollandists 10:XI:237 (October, tome XI, page 237)
-Blazejowskyj 63: does not give definite dates; doubtful of Michael's existence
-Pope was John XV (XVI) of Rome (985-996)
-Patriarch of Constantinople was the Catholic St. Nicholas II Chrysoberges (984-996) [AASS 8:I:120F-121D (146-147); 10:XI:310 (346); Siméon Vailhé in 1907 DTC 3.2:1359]
Leontius of Kiev (992–1008): Catholic-Fr. Mauricio Gordillo, S.J. in the 1938 DTC 14.1:217: the letter denouncing unleavened bread is not by Leontius of Kiev, but by a metropolitan in Bulgaria after the time of the anti-Catholic bishops Leo of Ochrid and Michael Cerularius
-Mgr. Pelesz I:188, §29 (200):
-Blazejowskyj 64-65: does not give definite dates;
-Popes were John XV (XVI) (985-996), Gregory V (996-999), Sylvester II (999-1003), John XVII (XVIII) (1003), and John XVIII (XIX) of Rome (1003-1009)
-Antipope was John Philagathus of Piacenza ("John XVI (XVII)" 997-998; †1013)
-Patriarchs of Constantinople were Catholic Sisinnius II (996-998) [Siméon Vailhé in 1907 DTC 3.2:1359] and Sergius II (1001-1019)
John I of Kiev (1019–1035): Catholic
-
-Blazejowskyj 65: 1008-1017;
-Popes were Benedict VIII (1012-1024), John XIX (1024-1032) and Benedict IX of Rome (1032-1045)
-Patriarchs of Constantinople were Sergius II (1001-1019), Eustathius (1019-1025), and Alexius I the Studite (1025-1043)
Theopemptus of Kiev (1035–1049): Catholic
-
-Blazejowskyj 65-66: 1037-1039;
-Popes were Benedict IX (1032-1045), Gregory VI of Rome (1045-1046; †1048), Clement II (1046-1047), Damasus II (1048), and St. Leo IX the Wonderworker of Rome (1049-1054)
-Antipopes were John of Sabina ("Sylvester III" 1045; †1063) and the ex-pope Benedict IX (1047-1048)
-Patriarchs of Constantinople were Alexius I the Studite (1025-1043) and the anti-Catholic Michael I Cerularius (1043-1058)
Hilarion of Kiev (1051–1055): Catholic
-
-Fr. Yves Congar, O.P., After Nine Hundred Years, p. 95, n. 7: Metropolitan Hilarion of Kiev "remained in communion with Rome"
-Blazejowskyj 66:
-Popes were St. Leo IX the Wonderworker (1049-1054) and Victor II of Rome (1055-1057)
-Patriarch of Constantinople was anti-Catholic Michael I Cerularius (1043-1058)
Ephraim I of Kiev (1055–1061): Catholic
-Fr. Yves Congar, O.P., After Nine Hundred Years, p. 95, n. 7: Metropolitan Ephraim I of Kiev "remained in communion with Rome"
-Blazejowskyj 77:
-Popes were Victor II (1055-1057), Stephen IX (1057-1058), and Nicholas II of Rome (1058-1061)
-Patriarchs of Constantinople were the anti-Catholic Michael I Cerularius (1043-1058) and the probably anti-Catholic Constantine III Leichoudes (1059-1063) [AASS 8:I:126E-127B (152-153)], of whom Joan Mervyn Hussey says in NCE IV:177: "Leichudes was a distinguished scholar and orator, who had studied and taught rhetoric and civil law. He was also a wise administrator and churchman, a man of marked integrity who won the respect of his contemporaries"
George of Kiev (1062–1073): Catholic
-Fr. Yves Congar, O.P., After Nine Hundred Years, p. 95, n. 7: Metropolitan George of Kiev "remained in communion with Rome"
-Fr. Gordillo in the 1938 DTC 14.1:218: the anti-Catholic letter said to be a 1072 work of Metropolitan George of Kiev is probably a 12th century work
-Blazejowskyj 77:
-Pope was Alexander II of Rome (1061-1073)
-Patriarchs of Constantinople were Constantine III Leichoudes (1059-1063) and the anti-Catholic John VIII Xiphilinus (1064-1075) [AASS 8:I:127C-128D (153-154)], who frustrated an attempted reunion of the Churches in 1072 under Pope Alexander II of Rome (1061-1073) and Byzantine Emperor Michael VII Ducas (1071-1078; †1090) [Fr. Jugie I:402]
John II of Kiev (1080-1089): Orthodox
-
-
-
-but Fr. Yves Congar, O.P., After Nine Hundred Years, p. 95, n. 7 says: Metropolitan John II of Kiev "remained in communion with Rome"
-Blazejowskyj 78:
-Popes were St. Gregory VII (1073-1085), Bl. Victor III (1086-1087), and Bl. Urban II of Rome (1088-1089)
-Antipope was Guibert of Ravenna a.k.a. Clement III (1080-1100)
-Patriarchs of Constantinople were Cosmas I (1075-1081) [AASS 8:I:128D-129E (154-155)], Eustratius Garidas (1081-1084) [AASS 8:I:129E-130B (155-156)], and the anti-Catholic Nicholas III Grammaticus (1084-1111) [AASS 8:I:130E-131C (156-157)]
Nicholas I of Kiev (1097–1101): Catholic
-
-Fr. Yves Congar, O.P., After Nine Hundred Years, p. 95, n. 7: Metropolitan Nicholas I of Kiev "remained in communion with Rome"
-Blazejowskyj 79:
-Popes were Bl. Urban II (1088-1099) and Paschal II of Rome (1099-1118)
-Antipopes were Guibert of Ravenna ("Clement III" 1080-1100) and Theodoric (1100)
-Patriarch of Constantinople was anti-Catholic Nicholas III Grammaticus (1084-1111) [AASS 8:I:130E-131C (156-157)]
Nicephorus I of Kiev (1104-1121): Orthodox
-anti-Catholic according to Avvakumov 100:31, nn. 112-113: Letter to Prince Vladimir II Monomakh (1053-1125; Prince of Pereyaslav 1094-1113; Ruler of Grand Rus 1113-1125) on the Latin Faith [Ponyrko, Epistoljarnoe nasledie 71-73; on date of this letter see ibid. 60]; Letter to Prince Sviatopolk II Iziaslavich (r. 1093-1113) on the Latin Faith (Napisanie na Latinu ko knjazju) [Ponyrko, Epistoljarnoe nasledie 73-79; on date of this letter see ibid. 63-64]
-he was in communion with Patriarch Nicholas III Grammaticus of Constantinople (1084-1111), who was anti-Catholic according to Encyclopedia Britannica Online and Fr. Venance Grumel, A.A. of happy memory; the latter said he wrote against Filioque, azymes, and papal primacy to Patriarch Symeon II of Jerusalem in 1089 [Echos d'Orient 38 (1939) 104–17]; Jean Darrouzès says these letters are fake [REB 23 (1965) 43–51; REB 28 (1970) 221–37]
-Mgr. Pelesz I:290-293 (302-305):
-Blazejowskyj 79-80:
-Popes were Paschal II (1099-1118), Gelasius II (1118-1119), and Callistus II of Rome (1119-1124)
-Antipopes were Burdin ("Gregory VIII" 1118) and Maginulf ("Sylvester IV" 1105-1111)
Nicetas of Kiev (1122-1126): uncertain
-Bollandists 9:II:xviii:EF, §73 (42): he was in communion with the Patriarch of Constantinople, but it is uncertain if Nicetas was Catholic or schismatic
-Mgr. Pelesz I:293 (305):
-Blazejowskyj 80:
-Popes were Callistus II (1119-1124) and Honorius II of Rome (1124-1130)
-Patriarch was John IX Agapetus of Constantinople (1111-1134) [AASS 8:I:131D-132B (157-158)]
Michael II of Kiev (1130-1145): uncertain
-Bollandists 9:II:xviii::EF, §73: he was in communion with the Patriarch of Constantinople, but it is uncertain if Michael II was Catholic or schismatic
-Mgr. Pelesz I:294-295 (306-307) is not clear on whether Michael II was Catholic or Orthodox
-Blazejowskyj 80:
-Popes were Innocent II (1130-1143), Celestine II (1143-1144), Lucius II (1144-1145), and Bl. Eugene III of Rome (1145-1153).
-Antipopes were Pietro Pierleoni ("Anacletus II" 1130-1138) and Gregorio Conti ("Victor IV" 1138; †1139)
-Patriarchs were John IX Agapetus of Constantinople (1111-1134) [AASS 8:I:131D-132B (157-158)], Leo Styppeiotes of Constantinople (1134-1143) [AASS 8:I:132B-133B (158-159)], and Michael II Kourkouas of Constantinople (1143-1146) [AASS 8:I:133C-E (159)]
Clement Smoliatich of Kiev (1147-1154): Catholic
-Fr. John Stilting, S.J.: Bollandists 9:II:xix:A, §74:
-Patriarch Nicholas IV Mouzalon of Constantinople (1147-1151) [AASS 8:I:136B-E (162)] was anti-Catholic (he wrote a treatise against Filioque) and he did not confirm Clement's election
-Mgr. Pelesz I:295-298 (307-310):
-Blazejowskyj 80-81:
-Popes were
-other Patriarchs of Constantinople were Theodotus II (1151-1153) [AASS 8:I:136F-137B (162-163)], Neophytus I (1153), and Constantine IV Chliarenus (1154-1156) [AASS 8:I:139A-C (165)]
Constantine I of Kiev (1156-1159): uncertain-Bollandists 9:II:xix:A, §75 (43): "de hisce nihil certi invenio"
-Bollandists 10:X:869:A, §20 (897):
-Bollandists 10:XI:147 (183):
-Mgr. Pelesz I:298-299 (310-311):
-Blazejowskyj 81: he is a Russian Orthodox and Ukrainian Orthodox saint because of his opposition to Metropolitan Clement Smoliatich of Kiev
-Pope was Adrian IV of Rome (1154-1159)
-Antipope was Ottavio di Montecelio ("Victor IV" 1159-1164).
-Patriarch was Luke Chrysoberges of Constantinople (1156-1169) [AASS 8:I:139C-140C (165-166)]
Theodore of Kiev (1161-1163): uncertain
-Bollandists 9:II:xix:A, §75 (43): "de hisce nihil certi invenio"
-Mgr. Pelesz I:299-300 (311-312):
-Blazejowskyj 81:
-Pope was Alexander III of Rome (1159-1181)
-Antipope was Octavius ("Victor IV" 1159-1164)
-Patriarch was Luke Chrysoberges of Constantinople (1156-1169) [AASS 8:I:139C-140C (165-166)]
John IV of Kiev (1164-1166): probably Catholic
-Bollandists 9:II:xix:AB, §75 (43): "Joannes probabilius Catholicus", and according to Ignatius Kulczynski, O.S.B.M., he wrote a letter of obedience to Pope Alexander III of Rome at the command of Grand Prince Rostislav I Mstislavich of Kiev (1154, 1159–1167), whom the Eastern Orthodox commemorate on March 14 (see his OCA entry)
-Mgr. Pelesz I:300-302 (312-314):
-Blazejowskyj 81:
-Pope was Alexander III of Rome (1159-1181)
-Antipope was Guido of Crema ("Pascal III" 1165-1168)
-Patriarch was Luke Chrysoberges of Constantinople (1156-1169) [AASS 8:I:139C-140C (165-166)]
Constantine II of Kiev (1167-1169):
-Bollandists 10:X:870B, §26 (898):
-Mgr. Pelesz I:302-303 (314-315):
-Blazejowskyj 82:
-Pope was Alexander III of Rome (1159-1181)
-Antipopes were Guido of Crema ("Pascal III" 1165-1168) and Giovanni of Struma ("Callistus III" 1168-1177)
-Patriarch was Luke Chrysoberges of Constantinople (1156-1169) [AASS 8:I:139C-140C (165-166)]
Michael III of Kiev (1171):
-
-Blazejowskyj: not listed in pp. 81-83
-Pope was Alexander III of Rome (1159-1181)
-Antipope was Giovanni of Struma ("Callistus III" 1168-1177)
-Patriarch was anti-Catholic Michael III Anchialus of Constantinople (1170-1177) [AASS 8:I:140C-141F (166-167)], concerning whom F. Chiovaro says in NCE IX:598: "In a synod (1171) Michael made a public response to the legation's offer in a dialogue with the emperor. He violently attacked the pope [Alexander III] as no pastor but a sick member of the fold in need of a cure. He said union with the Turks would be preferable to union with the Latins"
Nicephorus II of Kiev (1182-1198): uncertain
-
-Mgr. Pelesz I:303 (315): a recent source reports that he was loyal to Constantinople, i.e., Orthodox, "while Kulczynski and other Western writers describe him as a prelate devoted to the pope"
-Aurelio Palmieri: Nicephorus II did not accept Pope Clement III's invitation to the Third Crusade (1189–1192)
-Blazejowskyj 82:
-Popes were
-Patriarchs of Constantinople were Theodosius I Boradiotes (1179-1183) [AASS 8:I:142B-F (168)], Basil II Camaterus (1183-1186) [AASS 8:I:142F-143D (168-169)], Nicetas II Mountanes (1186-1189) [AASS 8:I:143D-144A (169-170)], Leo Theoticites (1189-1190) [AASS 8:I:144BC (170)], anti-Latin Dositheus (1190-1191) [AASS 8:I:144C-145A (170-171)] who "offered unconditional absolution to any Greek killing a Westerner" [Dr. Warren Carroll III:132], George XII Xiphilinus (1191-1198) [AASS 8:I:145B-146A (171-172)], and perhaps (started reigning August 5) the anti-Catholic John X Camaterus (1198-1206) [AASS 8:I:146A-147E (172-173)]
Matthew of Kiev (1200-1220): Orthodox
-Bollandists 9:II:xix:C, §76 (43): "Itaque allegatis argumentis certo non evincitur, Matthaeum fuisse Catholicum. Certo dubitare vix possim, quia Graeci paulatim abusus quosdam hisce temporibus in Russiam invexerint, Russorumque animos a Latinis abalienaverint."
-Bollandists 10:X:870D, §27 (898):
-Mgr. Pelesz I:304-310 (316-322):
-Blazejowskyj 83:
-Popes were Innocent III (1198-1216) and Honorius III of Rome (1216-1227)
-anti-Catholic Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were John X Camaterus (1198-1206) [AASS 8:I:146A-147E (172-173)], Michael IV Autoreianus (1207-1213) [AASS 8:I:153E-154B (179-180)], Theodore II Eirenicus (1213-1215) [8:I:154C-155A (180-181)], Maximus II (1215; in exile) [AASS 8:I:155CD (181)], Manuel I Charitopoulus (1216-1222; in exile) [AASS 8:I:155E-156B (181-182)]
-Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople were Thomas Morosini (1204-1211) [AASS 8:I:147F-148F (173-174)] and Gervase (1215-1219) [AASS 8:I:149A-F (175)]
Cyril I of Kiev (1225-1233): uncertain
-Fr. John Stilting, S.J., Bollandists 9:II:xx:A, §79 (44): "Cum tamen non carerent erroribus, fides eorum, ut minimum, dubia haberi debet, nec ausim certo asserere, Cyrillum I fuisse a schismate immunem. Suspicor inter episcopos non satis de fide convenisse, quod alii aliis addictiores essent Romanae Ecclesiae"-Mgr. Pelesz I:310-316 (322-328):
-Blazejowskyj 83:
-Popes were Honorius III (1216-1227) and Gregory IX of Rome (1227-1241)
-Greek Patriarch Germanus II of Constantinople (1223-1240) was anti-Catholic [AASS 8:I:156C-158C (182-184)]
-Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople were Matthew (1221–1226) [AASS 8:I:150A-151A (176-177)] and Simon (1227-1233) [AASS 8:I:151A-C (177)]
Cyril II of Kiev (1233-1236):
-
-
-Pope was Gregory IX of Rome (1227-1241)
-Greek Patriarch Germanus II of Constantinople (1223-1240) was anti-Catholic [AASS 8:I:156C-158C (182-184)]
-Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople were Simon (1227-1233) [AASS 8:I:151A-C (177)] and Nicholas de Castro Arquato (1234–1251) [AASS 8:I:151C-F (177)]
Joseph I of Kiev (1237-1240): uncertain
-Fr. John Stilting, S.J.: "Post Cyrillum unum aut duos, quorum fides dubia est, secutus est Josephus, natione Graecus, patria Nicaenus..." [Bollandists 9:II:xx:C, §81 (44)]
-Mgr. Pelesz I:316-317 (328-329) is not clear on whether Joseph I of Kiev was Catholic or Orthodox
-Blazejowskyj 83: the Tartars murdered Joseph in 1240
-Pope was Gregory IX of Rome (1227-1241)
-Greek Patriarch Germanus II of Constantinople (1223-1240) was anti-Catholic [AASS 8:I:156C-158C (182-184)]
-Latin Patriarch of Constantinople was Nicholas de Castro Arquato (1234–1251) [AASS 8:I:151C-F (177)]
Peter Akerovych of Kiev (1241-1246): Catholic
-see Fr. Gordillo in Dictionnaire de théologie catholique, ed. A. Vacant et al. (1938) 14.1:232
-at 13th Ecumenical Council (Lyons I) in 1245
-Mgr. Pelesz I:388 (400):
-Blazejowskyj 83-84:
-Popes were Gregory IX (1227-1241), Celestine IV (1241), and Innocent IV of Rome (1243-1254)
-Greek Patriarch of Constantinople was Manuel II (1244-1255) [AASS 8:I:158F-160F (184-186)]
-Latin Patriarch of Constantinople was Nicholas de Castro Arquato (1234–1251) [AASS 8:I:151C-F (177)]
Cyril III of Kiev (1247-1281): Orthodox
-Bollandists 9:II:xxi:B, §84 (45): "Siricovium ad manum non habeo, sed merito dubio, an hic magis faveat fidei Danielis, qui fortasse numquam sincere conversus est. Certe concilium Kioviense sub Cyrillo III celebratum, quod edidit Kulczynskius in Appendice pag. 36, non favet sincera et stabili Russorum subjectioni, cum in eo ne verbum quidem legatur de Romana Ecclesia."
-Fr. Gordillo in 1938 DTC 14.1:235: Cyril III "left [Galicia] for 'beyond the forests'" to avoid becoming a member of the Catholic court of Daniel I of Galicia (†1264), who was Catholic from 1248-1256; Cyril III was "anti-Latin and unfortunately away from the major movements for religious union that stirred the West"
-Mgr. Pelesz I:317-327 (329-339):
-Blazejowskyj 84-85:
-for info on Alexander Nevsky see Mgr. Pelesz I:247-248 (259-260), 322-324 (334-336)
-Popes were Innocent IV (1243-1254), Alexander IV (1254-1261), Urban IV (1261-1264), Clement IV (1265-1268), Bl. Gregory X (1271-1276), Bl. Innocent V (1276), Adrian V (1276), John XXI (XX) (1276-1277), Nicholas III (1277-1280), and Martin IV of Rome (1281-1285)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were Manuel II (1244-1255), anti-Catholic Arsenius Autoreianus (1255-1259) [AASS 8:I:160F-161F (186-187); Fr. Jugie IV:328], Nicephorus II (1260-1261) [AASS 8:I:161F-162D (187-188)], Arsenius Autoreianus (1261-1267) [AASS 8:I:162D-164A (188-190)], Germanus III (1267; became Catholic in 1274) [AASS 8:I:164A-165E (190-191)], anti-Catholic Joseph I Galesiotes (1267-1275) [AASS 8:I:165E-166C (191-192)], and Catholic John XI Beccus (1275-1282) [AASS 8:I:166C-167F (192-193)]
-Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople were Nicholas de Castro Arquato (1234–1251) [AASS 8:I:151C-F (177)], Pantaleon Giustiani (1253–1278) [AASS 8:I:151F-152E (177-178)], and Girolamo Masci, O.F.M. (1278-1288; later Pope Nicholas IV of Rome 1288-1292)
Maximus of Kiev (Vladimir as of 1299) (1285-1305): Orthodox
-Bollandists 9:II:xxi:BC, §85 (45): "Catholicus hic patriarcha Cyrillum III ad debitam subjectionem perducere potuit, eique successorem dare Catholicum, uti actum aiunt Koialovicius et Kulczynskius, dicentes Maximum anno 1283 Constantinopoli a Vecco in Russiam missum metropolitam. Verum si Maximus a Vecco creatus est metropolita, id factum oportuit ante finem anne 1282, quo Veccus XXVI Decembris sede sua deterbatus est ab Andronico imperatore schisma renovante. Quidquid tamen sit de modica temporis differentia, cum Constantinopoli rursum fuerit patriarcha schismaticus, ubi Maximus ornatus erat dignitate metropolitica, non ausim asserere ipsum mansisse Catholicum, praesertim si, eo mortuo, Russi successorem petierint Constantinopoli, ut scribit Kulczsynskius ad XXI Decembris in Petro metropolita."
-Mgr. Pelesz I:327 (339): "it is clear that Maximus was a supporter of the schism"
-Blazejowskyj 85:
-Popes were Honorius IV (1285-1287), Nicholas IV (1288-1292), St. Celestine V (1294), Boniface VIII (1294-1303), Bl. Benedict XI (1303-1304), and Clement V of Rome (1305-1314)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were anti-Catholic Gregory II Cyprius (1283-1289) [AASS 8:I:168F-169F (194-195)], anti-Catholic Athanasius I (1289-1293) [AASS 8:I:169F-170D (195-196)], and anti-Catholic John XII (1294-1303) [AASS 8:I:170D-172C (196-198)]
Peter of Kiev (Moscow as of 1325) (1308-1326): Catholic, then Orthodox-omitted from 1940 Russian Catholic Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom
-Andrew Shipman: "Peter, Metropolitan of Kieff, who was then in union with Rome, in 1316 changed his see from that city to the city of Vladimir upon the Kliazma, now about midway between Moscow and Nizhni-Novgorod, for Vladimir was then the capital of Great Russia. In 1322 he again changed it to Moscow."
-Bollandists 9:II:xxi:E, §86 (45): "Haec quidem amicitia cum Latinis et exceptio legatorum Apostolicorum, si de utraque constaret, favorabilem suspicionem ingereret de recta Petri fide; at necdum certam faceret ejus obedientiam."
-Bollandists 9:II:xxi:F, §87 (45): "Praeterea Vladislaus Poloniae rex in litteris ad Joannem XXII, quas edidit Raynaldus in addendis tomi 15, ad annum 1324 [Baronius XXIV (1313-1333):273:43] nuntias mortem duorum ultimorum principum 'Ruthenorum de gente schismatica,' auxilium contra Tartaros implorans. Itaque cum rex ille Russos vocet 'gentem schismaticam,' ejus metropolitam eodem tempore Catholicum fuisse non ausim asserere."
-Mgr. Pelesz I:330-334 (342-346):
-Blazejowskyj 85-86:
-Avignon Popes were Clement V (1305-1314) and John XXII of Rome (1316-1334)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were anti-Catholic John XII (1294-1303), anti-Catholic Athanasius I (1303-1310) [AASS 8:I:172C-173C (198-199)], Nephon I (1310-1314) [AASS 8:I:173C-174C (199-200)], John XIII Glycas (1315-1320) [AASS 8:I:174C-175A (200-201)], Gerasimus I (1320-1321) [AASS 8:I:175A-176B (201-202)], and Isaiah (1323-1334) [AASS 8:I:176B-F (202)]
-
Theognostus of Kiev (1328-1353): Orthodox
Bollandists 9:II:xxi:F, §87 (45): nothing to indicate that Theognostus of Kiev (1328-1353) was Catholic
-Bollandists 10:XI:90 (126):
-Mgr. Pelesz I:334-337 (346-349):
-Fr. Martin Jugie: he was anti-Palamite, according to Nicephorus Gregoras, one of St. Gregory Palamas’s chief adversaries; see Bizantinae Historiae, XXVI.22 [PG 149:96-97]
-Blazejowskyj 86:
-Avignon Popes were John XXII (1316-1334), Benedict XII (1334-1342), Clement VI (1342-1352), and Innocent VI of Rome (1352-1362)
-Patriarchs of Constantinople were Isaiah (1323-1334) [AASS 8:I:176B-F (202)], John XIV Calecas (1334-1347; anti-Palamite) [AASS 8:I:177A-178B (203-204)], Isidore I (1347-1350; Palamite) [AASS 8:I:178B-179A (204-205)], and anti-Catholic Callistus I (1350-1354; Palamite) [AASS 8:I:179B-F (205)]
Alexis of Moscow (1354-1378): Orthodox-omitted from 1940 Russian Catholic Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom
-Bollandists 9:II:xxi:F, §88-xxii:D, §91 (45-46): Fr. Stilting says that he does not call Alexis a schismatic, but he did not find any proof that Alexis was Catholic
-Fr. Stilting adds that the legitimate Byzantine Emperor John V Palaeologus (1341-1376, 1379-1390, 1390-1391) became Catholic under Bl. Pope Urban V of Rome (1362-1370) in 1369
-Raynaldus [Baronius XXVI(1356-1396):145:10] says that in 1367 Patriarchs Philotheus Coccinus of Constantinople (1364-1376), Niphon of Alexandria (1366-1385), and Lazarus of Jerusalem (1334–1368) [AASS 5:III:lxxi:F-lxxii:D, §279-282 (83-84)] sent letters of submission to Bl. Pope Urban V of Rome (1362-1370), according to the pope's 11/8/1367 letter
-however, Patriarch Philotheus Coccinus of Constantinople was a notorious opponent of reunion efforts and persecutor of Byzantine Catholics [F. Chiovaro in NCE XI:307], and Patriarch Niphon of Alexandria "signed the Tome against" Prochorus Cydones in 1368 [Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria Website]
-the pious men Kulczynski, Fr. Godefrid Henschen, S.J., and Fr. Albert Wijuk Kojałowicz, S.J. all argued that Alexis of Moscow was a Catholic who died in the odor of sanctity
-Bollandists 2:II:639-641 (677-679):
-Bollandists 10:XI:70-71 (106-107):
-Mgr. Pelesz I:348 (360): Alexis of Moscow was anti-Catholic
-Blazejowskyj 87-88:
-Avignon Popes were Innocent VI (1352-1362), Bl. Urban V (1362-1370), and Gregory XI of Rome (1370-1378)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were anti-Catholic Philotheus Coccinus (1354-1355; see NCE XI:307 by F. Chiovaro and AASS 8:I:179F-180C [205-206]), anti-Catholic Callistus I (1355-1363) [AASS 8:I:180C-F (206)], anti-Catholic Philotheus Coccinus (1364-1376) [AASS 8:I:181A-182A (207-208)], and Macarius (1376-1379) [AASS 8:I:182BC (208)]
-
Michael Mityay of Moscow (locum tenens 1378-1379):
-
-Mgr. Pelesz I:348-351 (360-363):
-Blazejowskyj 89:
-Pope was Urban VI of Rome (1378-1389)
-Antipope was Robert of Geneva ("Clement VII" 1378-1394)
-Greek Patriarch was Macarius of Constantinople (1376-1379) [AASS 8:I:182BC (208)]
-Titular Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople were James of Itri (1376-1378), William of Urbino, O.F.M (1379), and Paul of Corinth (1379)
Cyprian of Kiev (1381-1382; 1390-1406): Orthodox
-Bollandists 9:II:xxii:D, §92 (46): "Verum nihil allegat, quo probari posit certo Catholicum fuisse Cyprianum: ideoque rursum cogor tanto magis de fide ejus dubitare, quanto incertior est chronotaxis Kulczynskii, quia patriarcha Constantinopolitani circa id tempus non omnes ague certo fuerunt schismatici."
-Bollandists 10:XI:225 (261): anti-Catholic Patriarch Philotheus of Constantinople ordained Cyprian of Kiev, who was very good friends with St. Stephen the Enlightener of Perm (†1395)
-Mgr. Pelesz I:354-357 (366-369):
-Joseph Lins: St. Hedwig of Poland's (r. 1384-1399) husband King Vladislaus II Jogaila of Poland (r. 1386-1434) became Roman Catholic in 1386, but after 1387 "the Russian portions of Lithuania (Kiev, Tchernigoff, etc.) remained Greek Orthodox"
-Blazejowskyj 88-89:
-Popes were Urban VI (1378-1389) and Boniface IX (1389-1404), and Innocent VII of Rome (1404-1406)
-Antipopes were Robert of Geneva ("Clement VII" 1378-1394), Pedro de Luna ("Benedict XIII" 1394-1417), and Baldassare Cossa ("John XXIII" 1400-1415)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were Nilus Cerameus (1379-1388) [AASS 8:I:182C-F (208)], Anthony IV (1389-1390) [AASS 8:I:182F-183B (208-209)], Macarius (1390-1391), Anthony IV (1391-1397), Callistus II Xanthopoulus (1397) [AASS 8:I:183B-E (209)], and Matthew I (1397-1410) [AASS 8:I:183E-184B (209-210)]
-Titular Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople were Angelo Correr (1390-1405), later Pope Gregory XII of Rome (1406-1415; †1417) and Louis of Mitylene (1406-1408)
Pimen of Moscow (1382-1384): -
-Mgr. Pelesz I:351-354 (363-366):
-Blazejowskyj 89-90: Pimen of Kiev (1382-1389) was a "contra-metropolitan"
-Pope was Urban VI of Rome (1378-1389)
-Antipope was Robert of Geneva ("Clement VII" 1378-1394)
-Greek Patriarch was Nilus Cerameus of Constantinople (1379-1388)
-
Dionysius I of Kiev (1384-1385):
-
-
-Blazejowskyj 89: Dionysius of Kiev (1384-1385) was a "contra-metropolitan"
-Pope was Urban VI of Rome (1378-1389)
-Antipope was Robert of Geneva ("Clement VII" 1378-1394)
-Greek Patriarch was Nilus Cerameus of Constantinople (1379-1388)
-
Photius of Kiev (1408-1431): Orthodox
-Bollandists 9:II:xxii:E, §92 (46): schismatic according to all authors
-Mgr. Pelesz I:358-360 (370-372):
-Blazejowskyj 90:
-Popes were Gregory XII (1406-1415; †1417) and Martin V of Rome (1417-1431)
-Antipopes were Pedro de Luna ("Benedict XIII" 1394-1417) and Baldassare Cossa ("John XXIII" 1400-1415)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were Matthew I (1397-1410), Euthymius II (1410-1416) [AASS 8:I:184C-F (210)], and the Catholic Joseph II of Constantinople (1416-1439) [AASS 8:I:184F-186E (210-212)]
-
Gregory I Tsamblak of Kiev (1414-1420): Catholic-
-rival of the schismatic Metropolitan Photius of Kiev (1408-1431)
-Mgr. Pelesz I:361-365 (373-377):
-in 1418 Gregory I Tsamblak submitted to Pope Martin V of Rome (1417-1431) at the 16th Ecumenical Council (Constance 1414-1418) [Fr. Gill ###]
-left Catholic exposition of Our Lord's words "Thou art Peter..." (Mt 16:18) [Fr. Jugie IV:333]
-Blazejowskyj 90-91:
-Popes were Gregory XII (1406-1415; †1417) and Martin V of Rome (1417-1431)
-Greek patriarchs of Constantinople were Euthymius II (1410-1416) and Joseph II (1416-1439), who died a sincere Catholic [AASS 8:I:184F-186E (210-212)]
-Titular Latin Patriarch of Constantinople was Jean de La Rochetaillée (1412-1423; †1437)
Gerasim of Kiev (1433-1435): -Bollandists 9:II:xxiii:CD, §95 (47): "Verisimile igitur est, Photium non fuisse desertum a schismaticis, sed hosce ei usque ad mortem paruisse; et tunc demum ei a schismaticis suspectum esse Harasimum illum, de quo agit Koialovicius. Jam vero ex hisce intelligitur, metropolitam quidem et Russos, Poloniæ regi aut Lituaniæ duci subditos, majori saltem ex parte Catholicos fuisse; suum tamen etiam caput fuisse schismaticis, qui in Moscovia aliisque locis vicinis superiores videntur mansisse, ut manifestius siet ex periculo sequentis metropolitæ."
-Mgr. Pelesz I:365-366 (377-378):
-Andrew Shipman: "Gerasim (1431-5) was the successor of Photius at Moscow, and had correspondence with Pope Eugene IV as to the reunion of the Eastern and Western Churches"
-Blazejowskyj 91:
-Pope was Eugene IV of Rome (1431-1447)
-Greek Patriarch was Joseph II of Constantinople (1416-1439), who died a sincere Catholic [AASS 8:I:184F-186E (210-212)]
-Titular Latin patriarch of Constantinople was Giovanni Contarini (1424-1438?)
Isidore of Kiev (1436-1458; †1464): Catholic
-became a sincere Catholic in 1439
-Mgr. Pelesz I:366-376 (378-388):
-Fr. Gordillo in the 1938 DTC 14.1:243: the Russian Church's rejection of the Ecumenical Council of Florence was "due exclusively to Prince Basil"
-for "probably purely political" motives [Fr. Joseph Gill, S.J., The Council of Florence 361], Grand Duke Basil II of Moscow (1425-1462) condemned him "for turning the Russian people over to the Latins" and tyrannically and illegally deposed him in 1441 [Andrew Shipman]
-notorious anti-Catholic Mark of Ephesus praised Isidore when he ascended to the Metropolitanate of Kiev: "A man who really is a reflection of Christ, gracious in character and angelic in form; a happy and outstanding blend of simplicity and sagacity with a gift of speech that surpasses the flow of rivers; generous and liberal to such a degree as not to grudge even his own coverings, if occasion demand" (G. Mercati, Scritti d'Isidoro il cardinale Ruteno (=Studi e Testi 46, Rome 1926), p. 155) [qtd. in Fr. Gill, Personalities of the Council of Florence 78 n. 1]
-Blazejowskyj 91-92:
-Popes were Eugene IV (1431-1447), Nicholas V (1447-1455), Callistus III (1455-1458), and Pius II of Rome (1458-1464)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were Catholic Joseph II (1416-1439) [AASS 8:I:184F-186E (210-212)] and Catholic Metrophanes II (1440-1443) [AASS 8:I:189C-190B (215-216)]
Illegitimate: Jonah of Moscow (1448-1461): Orthodox
-Bollandists 10:XI:101: the holy Pope Pius II of Rome (1458-1464) called Jonah of Moscow a "son of perdition"
-Mgr. Pelesz I:376-377 (388-389):
-Blazejowskyj ###:
-Popes were Nicholas V (1447-1455), Callistus III (1455-1458), and Pius II of Rome (1458-1464)
-Antipope was Amadeus of Savoy ("Felix V" 1439-1449; †1451)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were Catholic Gregory III Mammas the Wonderworker (1443-1459) [AASS 8:I:190B-192B (216-218)], anti-Catholic Gennadius II Scholarius (1454-1456; †1472) [AASS 8:I:196B-198D (222-224)], and anti-Catholic Isidore II Xanthopoulus (1456-1462) [AASS 8:I:198D-F (224)]
Gregory II the Bulgarian of Kiev (1458-1472): Catholic-Jan Krajcar in NCE XII:421: "Gregory remained loyal to Rome until death (1472)"
-Blazejowskyj 179:
-Popes were Pius II (1458-1464), Paul II (1464-1471), and Sixtus IV of Rome (1471-1484)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were anti-Catholic Isidore II Xanthopoulos (1456-1462), Sophronius I Syropoulos (1462-1464), anti-Catholic Gennadius II Scholarius (1464), Joasaph I (1465-1466) [AASS 8:I:199A-E (225)], anti-Catholic Mark II Xylokaraves (1466) [AASS 8:I:199E-200A (225-226)], anti-Catholic Symeon I of Trebizond (1466) [AASS 8:I:200B-E (226)], anti-Catholic Dionysius I (1466-1471) [8:I:200E-201E (226-227)], and Symeon I (1471-1475) [8:I:201EF (227)]
-Titular Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople were Cardinal Isidore of Kiev (1458-1462) and Basilios Cardinal Bessarion (1463–1472)
Michael Drucki of Kiev (1474-1480): Catholic
-Bollandists 9:II:xxiv:E, §102 (48):
-Mgr. Pelesz I:475-477 (487-489):
-Blazejowskyj 179-180:
-Pope was Sixtus IV of Rome (1471-1484)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were anti-Catholic Symeon I (1471-1475), Raphael I (1475-1476) [AASS 8:I:202A-C (228)], and Maximus III Manasses (1476-1481) [AASS 8:I:202D-203F (228-229)]
-Titular Latin Patriarch of Constantinople was Jerome Lando (1474-1496)
Symeon of Kiev (1481-1488): Catholic
-Bollandists 9:II:xxv:D, §105 (49):
-Mgr. Pelesz I:477 (489): "faithful follower" of the Union
-Blazejowskyj 180-181:
-Pope was Innocent VIII of Rome (1484-1492)
-Greek Patriarchs of Constantinople were Maximus III Manasses (1476-1481) [AASS 8:I:221A-C (247)], anti-Catholic Symeon I (1482-1486), Nephon II [8:I:218F-219E (244-245)], and Dionysius I (1488-1490) [AASS 8:I:219F-221A (245-247)]
-Titular Latin Patriarch of Constantinople was Jerome Lando (1474-1496)
Jonah Glezna of Kiev (1492-1494): Catholic
-Bollandists 9:II:xxv:D, §105 (49):
-Mgr. Pelesz I:478 (490):
-Aurelio Palmieri in 1912 Catholic Encyclopedia: Jonah Glezna was "friendly to the union"
-Blazejowskyj 181:
-Greek Patriarch of Constantinople was Maximus IV (1491-1497)
-Titular Latin Patriarch of Constantinople was Jerome Lando (1474-1496)
-Pope was Alexander VI of Rome (1492-1503)
St. Macarius the Hieromartyr of Kiev (1495-1497): Catholic
-Bollandists 9:II:xxvi:A, §108 (50):
-Bollandists 10:XI:118-119 (154-155):
-Mgr. Pelesz I:476 (488):
-Mgr. Pelesz I:478-479 (490-491): "weleher als Archimandrit von Wilno das im Jahre 1476 von Misaël an Papst Sixtus IV gerichtete Schreiben unterfertigt hat. Im Jahre 1495 versammelten sich (nach der Kiewer Chronik bei Karamsin VI. N. 403) die Bischöfe: Wassian von Wladimir, Lucas von Polozk, Wassian von Turow, Jonas von Luzk, und ordinirten den Archimandriten Macarius mit dem Beinamen Cort zum Metropoliten, und schickten dann einen gewissen Dionysius und einen Mönch, German, zum Patriarchen um den Segen. Der Patriarch Niphon schickte darauf seinen Gesandten Isaph mit der Confirmationsurkunde, so wie mit Briefen an den litauischen Grossfürsten und an die Bischöfe und die Gläubigen der Kiewer Metropolie. Der Gesandte des Patriarchen verlangte aber von den ruthenischen Bischöfen, dass sie künftig zuerst um den Segen bitten, bevor sie zur Ordination des Metropoliten schreiten, was diese auch zusagten; das jetzige Verfahren aber damit entschuldigten, dass auf dieselbe Weise, d. i. ohne vorherigen Segen des Patriarchen, auch der Metropolit Gregor I Semivlac ordinirt worden war. Daraus sieht man, dass die Kiewer Metropoliten immer um die Bestätigung des Patriarchen ersuchten (Kiew. Chron. Macarius wurde auf einer Reise nach Kiew im Dorfe Skryholovy von den Tataren gefangen und enthauptet."
-Mgr. Pelesz I:572 (584): "Es werden wohl einige Beweise dafür angeführt, allein der Umstand, dass sie das Abhängigkeitsverhältniss von Konstantinopel auch damals nicht aufgegeben haben, wo sie nicht mehr zweifeln konnten, dass die griechischen in Konstantinopel residirenden Patriarchen von der Union abfielen, und die unirten Patriarchen, wie aus dem obangeführten Breve des Papstes Alexander VI an den Wilnaer Bischof Albert hervorgeht, in Rom residirten, dieser Umstand macht die Orthodoxie der Metropoliten Simeon, Jonas I und Macarius I verdächtig. Ja sogar der Metropolit Joseph Soltan, der sich dann entschieden der Union angeschlossen hat, scheint anfangs dem Schisma gehuldigt zu haben, wie aus dem eben erwähnten Breve zu ersehen ist. Joseph Soltan arbeitete eifrig an der Ausbreitung der Union, allein er wurde in seinem Wirken durch die zahlreichen am Hofe der Königin Helena lebenden schismatischen Emissäre gehindert, und als dann sein Nachfolger sich offen für das Schisma erklärte, waren allmälig auch die letzen Spuren der Union verschwunden."
-Aurelio Palmieri in 1912 Catholic Encyclopedia: Macarius was "friendly to the union"
-Blazejowskyj 181:
-Pope was Alexander VI of Rome (1492-1503)
-Greek Patriarch of Constantinople was Maximus IV (1491-1497)
-Titular Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople were Jerome Lando (1474-1496) and Giovanni Michiel (1497–1503)
Joseph II Bolgarynovich of Kiev (1498–1501): Catholic-Bollandists 9:II:xxvi:AB, §108 (50):
-M. M. Wojnar in NCE XIV:278: "relations with Rome were terminated from the time of Metropolitan of Kiev, Joseph Bolharynovych (1501)"
-Blazejowskyj 181:
-Greek Patriarch of Constantinople was Joachim I (1498-1502) [AASS 8:I:222B-E (248)]
Jonah of Kiev (1503-1507): Orthodox
-Mgr. Pelesz I:-M. M. Wojnar in NCE XIV:278: "abolished the decree against the Orthodox (1504)"
-Blazejowskyj 182:
Joseph III Soltan of Kiev (1509-1522): Orthodox
-Mgr. Pelesz I:479-493 (491-505)
-M. M. Wojnar in NCE XIV:278: "Joseph II Soltan (1507–21), wanted to introduce some reforms in the Ukrainian Orthodox Church at the synod of Wilno (1509), but they were never carried out. He also obtained from the Polish King a charter (1519) by which the rights of Kievan metropolitans over the whole Church, bishops, clergy, and monks, were acknowledged. This charter recalled the old constitutions of Kievan princes and was useful later for the Kievan Catholic metropolitans."
-Blazejowskyj 182:
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